Table 2 General characteristics and outcome of animal studies conducted on the effect of DM on periodontal tissues during orthodontic movement

Li et al. 2010

48 Sprague–Dawley rats

Group 1: DM + OTM (24)

Group 2: healthy + OTM (24)

14 days

0.5 N closed-coil between the incisors and molar applied for 14 days

DM induced higher alveolar bone resorption during OTM

[17]

Braga et al. 2011

60 rats

Group 1: DM + OTM (25)

Group 2: healthy + OTM (25)

Group 3: DM + OTM + insulin (10)

12 days

35 g Ni–Ti coil spring between the incisors and molar for 12 days

DM induced higher alveolar bone resorption leading to increased OTM

[16]

Villarino et al. 2011

24 Wistar rats

Group 1: DM +OTM (8)

Group 2: healthy + OTM (8)

Group 3: DM + OTM + insulin (8)

44 days

120 ± 15 g closed-coil spring between the upper molars for 1 week

DM decreased bone remodeling during OTM. Insulin prevented effects of DM on the alveolar bone

[20]

Zhang et al. 2011

48 Sprague–Dawley rats

Group 1: DM + OTM (24)

Group 2: healthy + DM (24)

10 weeks

50 g coil spring between the maxillary incisor and molars for 14 days

DM induced higher alveolar bone resorption during OTM

[21]

Plut et al. 2015

24 Wistar rats (healthy) and 24 Goto-Kakizak rats (DM)

Group 1: healthy Wistar + OTM (8)

Group 2: Goto-Kakizak + OTM (8)

Group 3: healthy Wistar + OTM (8)

Group 4: Goto-Kakizak + OTM

42 days

0.25 N coil spring between the left maxillary and second and first molars for entire duration of study

DM reduced bone remodeling during OTM

[22]

Arita et al. 2016

23 Spra-

gue-Dawley rats

Group 1: healthy + OTM (7)

Group 2: diabetic + OTM (9)

Group 3: diabetic + OTM + insulin (7)

28 days

10 g closed-coil spring between palatal miniscrew and the maxillary molar for 2 weeks

DM reduced rate of OTM and decreased bone resorption. Insulin reduced adverse effects of DM on OTM

[15]