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Table 1 Chephalometric skeletal parameters of the groups and corresponding changes ( n = 17 per group)

From: Skeletal and dental effects produced by functional regulator-2 in pre-pubertal class II patients: a controlled study

Parameter

Group

Time point

Changes

ES coefficient

T0

T1

Maxillary

     

SNA angle (°)

Treated

80.6 ± 2.4

80.2 ± 2.5

−0.4 ± 1.3

0.1 (−0.6-0.7)

Control

79.8 ± 2.7

79.5 ± 2.8

−0.3 ± 1.5

Difference

 

NS

NS

NS

NS

A to N perp (mm)

Treated

1.8 ± 2.5

1.1 ± 2.9

−0.7 ± 1.6

0.2 (−0.5-0.8)

Control

2.2 ± 2.5

1.8 ± 2.9

−0.4 ± 1.6

Difference

 

NS

NS

NS

NS

Co-A (mm)

Treated

85.1 ± 3.8

87.6 ± 4.3*

2.5 ± 1.9

0.2 (−0.4-0.9)

Control

82.7 ± 3.2

84.7 ± 3.8*

2.0 ± 2.1

Difference

 

NS

p < 0.05

NS

NS

Mandibular

     

SNB angle (°)

Treated

74.2 ± 2.0

74.7 ± 2.3**

0.5 ± 1.0

0.1 (−0.6-0.7)

Control

73.6 ± 2.2

74.0 ± 2.5

0.4 ± 1.2

Difference

 

NS

NS

NS

NS

Pg to N perp (mm)

Treated

−6.9 ± 3.9

−7.3 ± 4.5

−0.4 ± 2.0

0.3 (−0.4-0.9)

Control

−5.0 ± 3.4

−4.8 ± 4.8

0.2 ± 2.1

Difference

 

NS

NS

NS

NS

Co-Gn (mm)

Treated

103.6 ± 4.6

107.7 ± 5.3***

4.1 ± 2.2

0.0 (−0.6-0.7)

Control

101.9 ± 4.4

105.9 ± 6.2***

4.0 ± 3.0

Difference

 

NS

NS

NS

NS

Maxillo-mandibular

     

ANB angle (°)

Treated

6.5 ± 1.5

4.8 ± 0.9***

−1.7 ± 1.2

0.8 (−0.1-1.5)

Control

6.2 ± 1.2

5.5 ± 1.1

−0.7 ± 1.3

Difference

 

NS

NS

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

Wits (mm)

Treated

3.8 ± 1.2

2.4 ± 1.3*

−1.4 ± 1.1

0.1 (−0.6-0.8)

Control

3.1 ± 0.8

2.0 ± 2.6

−1.2 ± 2.5

Difference

 

NS

NS

NS

NS

Max-Mand difference (mm)

Treated

18.4 ± 3.3

20.0 ± 2.9***

1.6 ± 1.4

0.3 (−0.4-0.9)

Control

19.2 ± 2.7

21.3 ± 4.3*

2.1 ± 2.1

Difference

 

NS

NS

NS

NS

Vertical

     

FH-palatal plane angle (°)

Treated

−2.9 ± 3.4

−2.3 ± 3.8

0.6 ± 1.2

0.4 (−0.3-1.1)

Control

−4.6 ± 3.1

−4.5 ± 2.8

0.1 ± 1.3

Difference

 

NS

NS

NS

NS

FH-mandibular plane angle (°)

Treated

22.5 ± 4.9

22.2 ± 5.1

−0.3 ± 1.1

0.4 (−0.3-1.1)

Control

22.2 ± 4.9

22.5 ± 4.6

0.2 ± 1.3

Difference

 

NS

NS

NS

NS

Palatal plane-mandibular plane (°)

Treated

25.4 ± 3.1

24.4 ± 3.0**

−0.9 ± 1.3

0.6 (−0.0-1.3)

Control

26.8 ± 5.3

26.9 ± 4.9

0.1 ± 1.7

Difference

 

NS

NS

NS

NS

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD or mean (95% confidence interval). For the ES coefficient, the null hypothesis is to be equal to zero. NS, difference not statistically significant. Significant differences with the corresponding baseline value: *p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.