Progress in Orthodontics

Table 3 Multi-level mixed effects linear regression models predicting Little's Irregularity Index

From: Photobiomodulation accelerates orthodontic alignment in the early phase of treatment

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Initial LII	0.599^*	0.056	0.055
Female	0.241	0.257	0.317
Age	0.059^**	0.051^**	0.043
Ethnicity
African	-0.798	-0.585	-0.609
Asian	-0.191	-0.167	-0.279
Other	-0.574	-0.651	-0.683
Mandible	-0.092	0.007	0.009
Test center
Test center 1	-0.194	0.139	-0.008
Test center 2	0.025	0.349	-0.082
Test center 3	-0.275	-0.152	-0.183
Treatment time	-0.032^*	-0.032^**	-0.032^**
LII (second)		0.048^*	0.048^*
Treatment time (second)		0.000^***	0.000^***
Treatment time × initial LII		-0.006^****	-0.006^****
Device			-0.881^***
Constant	-0.749	0.591	1.584^**
RI_Patient_Constant	0.089	-0.102	-0.133
RI_Arch_Constant	-0.550	-0.351	-0.358
RI_Res_Constant	0.483^*	0.357^*	0.355^*
Chi square	508.554	716.377	730.174

NS: 314 time intervals nested within 136 arches nested within 90 patients. ^*p < 0.001, ^**p < 0.10, ^***p < 0.05, ^****p < 0.01.

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