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Table 1 Frequency of incidental of findings among the 6 designated anatomic regions

From: The frequency and nature of incidental findings in large-field cone beam computed tomography scans of an orthodontic sample

Incidental finding category

Frequency (n)

Percentage of IFs

Cervical vertebrae

11

1.3

 Cervical vertebrae fusion

5

0.59

 Cervical vertebral flattening

1

0.12

 Cervical osteoarthritis

1

0.12

 Mediolateral rotation (to L) of C2-C3 in relation to C1

1

0.12

 Bony ossicle in C1-C2 region

1

0.12

 Posterior ponticle of C1

2

0.24

Dentoalveolar

124

14.7

 Supernumerary

6

0.71

 Hypodontia (excluding third molars)

37

4.39

 Microdontia

4

0.48

 Impactions

28

3.33

 Enamel pearl

1

0.12

 Gemination

1

0.12

 Retained primary tooth/fragment

6

0.71

 Dilaceration

1

0.12

 Severe root shortening (localized)

1

0.12

 Ectopic position

2

0.24

 Idiopathic osteosclerosis (DBI)

16

1.90

 Odontogenic cyst

1

0.12

 Simple bone cyst

2

0.24

 Buccal bifurcation cyst

1

0.12

 Torus mandibularis

1

0.12

 Periapical cemento-ossesous dysplasia

2

0.24

 External root resorption

5

0.59

 Periapical rarefying osteitis

8

0.95

 Periapical sclerosing osteitis

1

0.12

Naso-oropharyngeal airway

356

42.3

 Choanal-retrochoanal polyp

1

0.12

 Meatal obliteration

1

0.12

 Adenoid hypertrophy

154

18.3

 Lingual tonsil hypertrophy

55

6.53

 Palatine tonsil hypertrophy

8

0.95

 Concha bullosa

30

3.56

 Nasal mucosal thickening; rhinitis

25

2.97

 Nasal septal deviation

45

5.34

 Nasal septal deviation (with bone spur)

22

2.61

 Turbinate hypertrophy

5

0.59

 Nasal polyps

1

0.12

 Irregular soft tissue border of naso-oropharynx

2

0.24

 Dystrophic calcification of tonsils

5

0.59

 Concha enlargement

1

0.12

 Opacification of the middle and superior nasal meatuses

1

0.12

Paranasal sinuses

260

30.9

 Localized inflammatory conditions (mucositis-sinusitis)

152

18.1

 Pansinusitis

11

1.31

 Ostia blockage

11

1.31

 Retention pseudocyst

58

6.89

 Sinus hypoplasia

14

1.66

 Sinus pnuematization

11

1.31

 Sinus aplasia

1

0.12

 Accessory ostia

1

0.12

 Antrolith

1

0.12

Surrounding soft/hard tissues

34

4.0

 Osteoma

1

0.12

 Fibrous dysplasia

5

0.59

 Jugular bulb pseudolesion

4

0.48

 Pnuematization of mastoid air cells

12

1.43

 Enlarged sella turcica

3

0.36

 Soft tissue polyp

1

0.12

 Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

1

0.12

 Pineal gland calcification

1

0.12

 Osteoma cutis

1

0.12

 Calcified stylohyoid ligament

2

0.24

 Dystrophic calcification of lymph node

1

0.12

 Enlarged incisive (naso-palatine) canal

1

0.12

 Depression/notch along the anterior surface of clivus

1

0.12

Temporomandibular joint

54

6.4

 Condylar hypoplasia

16

1.90

 Physiologic remodeling (flat margins, subchondral sclerosis)

19

2.26

 Degenerative changes (osteophytes, erosions)

18

2.14

 Bifid condyle

1

0.12