Table 2 Initial displacement of selected nodes on X , Y , and Z axes after application of retraction force (×10 ⁻⁴ mm)

Central incisor

Occlusal

25.36

48.24

1.28

2.29

−2.86

−2.34

Apex

−11.28

−22.67

−0.98

−3.66

−2.24

−3.98

Lateral incisor

Occlusal

30.45

51.28

2.5

3.58

−2.53

−1.35

Apex

−12.34

−23.35

−1.87

−3.45

−1.22

−1.48

Canine

Occlusal

25.59

22.67

−22.05

−25.73

5.53

11.23

Apex

−11.02

−10.85

8.25

9.97

6.29

9.74

Second premolar

Buccal cusp

18.97

−15.76

19.87

15.66

9.58

7.53

Lingual cusp

16.24

−12.56

13.43

21.62

11.26

8.25

Apex

−4.52

−15.73

−10.52

−9.87

6.08

4.42

First molar

Mesio-buccal cusp

12.89

−12.28

9.51

7.98

5.46

4.53

Disto-buccal cusp

6.78

7.34

10.23

8.25

1.89-

2.38

Mesio-lingual cusp

10.67

−11.46

5.03

9.34

6.67

4.86

Disto-lingual cusp

4.54

3.27

5.85

9.67

2.55^-

3.06

Mesial apex

−2.76

−7.54

−4.32

−3.87

−1.02

2.54

Distal apex

−4.66

4.75

−1.23

−3.63

−4.23

−1.18

Second molar

Mesio-buccal cusp

2.43

2.23

7.03

5.87

−2.07

0.57

Disto-buccal cusp

1.56

4.98

8.25

6.54

−4.65

−3.39

Mesio-lingual cusp

3.84

3.66

3.84

8.58

−2.46

1.14

Disto-lingual cusp

2.71

4.85

4.15

8.55

−4.58

−2.02

Mesial apex

−1.98

3.45

1.84

−2.67

−4.75

−2.28

Distal apex

−3.25

4.22

2.42

−2.93

−5.03

−2.44