Dental landmarks | Linear and angular measurements |
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1. Upper molar (Um) - the most prominent lateral point on the buccal surface of the upper first molar | 1. Upper inter-molar width |
2. Lower molar (Lm) - the most prominent lateral point on the buccal surface of the lower first molar | 2. Lower inter-molar width |
3. Upper incisor mesial (Uim) - the most mesial point of the upper central incisor crown | 3. Upper inter-incisal width-mesial |
4. Upper incisor apex (Uia) - the tip of the root apex of the upper central incisor | 4. Upper inter-incisal width-apex |
5. Upper incisor edge (Uie) - the point located on the incisal edge of the upper central incisor, centered mediolaterally | 5. Maxillary incisal angle (Mia) - the angle between the major axe of upper central incisors (Uia-Uie). |
6. Upper right first molar-laterorbitale width (UR6^Lo) - the angle between the upper right first molar tangent and laterorbitale width. | |
7. Upper left first molar-laterorbitale width (UL6^Lo) - the angle between the upper left first molar tangent and the laterorbitale width | |
8. Maxillary first molar angle (Mfma) - the angle between the tangent of upper first molars |