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Table 6 Description of selected studies

From: Radiologically determined orthodontically induced external apical root resorption in incisors after non-surgical orthodontic treatment of class II division 1 malocclusion: a systematic review

Article

Study design

Country

Sample size

Age atT 1(years)

Extraction

Class II treatment

DeShields [[32]]

RS

USA

52 (24 M/28 F)

M = 12.6/F = 12.2

No

Headgear or class II elastics

Group = 12.4 ± 0.9 Y

Hollender et al. [[33]]

RS

Sweden

12 (3 M/9 F)

Group 1 = 3 Y 3 M

Yes

Edgewise

 

Upper 14/24

Eisel et al. [[34]]

RS

Germany

44

Group 1 = 4.7 (7.1)

Yes 64%

48% Edgewise

No 36%

9% Only functional

43% Combined

Reukers et al. [[35]]

PS

Holland

Started

149 (64 M/85 F)

Group 1 = 2 Y 4 M ± 1 Y 2 M

Yes and no

29 Edgewise

If extractions were done could be 2, 3, or 4 premolars extracted

32 Straight wire Class II elastics

Finished 61

Excluded

2 - moved

7 - early debond

79 - poor radiographs

Taner et al. [[36]]

RS

Turkey

27

Group 1 = 3.6 ± 2.5 Y

Yes

Edgewise

4 bicuspids

Mavragani et al. [[40]] Mavragani et al. [[37]]

RS

Norway

80

Edgewise 13.8 ± 0.7 Y

Yes

40 Edgewise

Edgewise (22 M/18 F)

Straight wire

At least 14/24 or upper bicuspid with lower 4s or upper bicuspid with lower 5s

40 Straight wires

13.1 ± 0.7 Y

Straight wire

(20 M/20 F)

Liou and Chang [[38]]

RS

Taiwan

50

Group I = 26.5 ± 5.5 Y

Yes

I-30 Minscrew + FFA

Group I (0 M/30 F)

Group II = 22.5 ± 1.6 Y

Mx 14/24

II-20 FFA

Group II (4 M/16 F)

Martins et al. [[39]]

RS

Brazil

28

I = 13.4 ± 2.4 Y

Yes

Edgewise

I (16 M:12 F)

(2 Mx PM or 4 PM)

Headgear and class II elastics (if necessary)

II N/A mixed data

  1. RS, retrospective study; PS, prospective study; RCT, randomized controlled trial; Y, years; M, males; F, females. M, Months; FFA, Full Fixed Appliances; N/A, Not Applicable; PM, premolar.