Article | Study design | Country | Sample size | Age atT 1(years) | Extraction | Class II treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DeShields [[32]] | RS | USA | 52 (24 M/28 F) | M = 12.6/F = 12.2 | No | Headgear or class II elastics |
Group = 12.4 ± 0.9 Y | ||||||
Hollender et al. [[33]] | RS | Sweden | 12 (3 M/9 F) | Group 1 = 3 Y 3 M | Yes | Edgewise |
 | Upper 14/24 | |||||
Eisel et al. [[34]] | RS | Germany | 44 | Group 1 = 4.7 (7.1) | Yes 64% | 48% Edgewise |
No 36% | 9% Only functional | |||||
43% Combined | ||||||
Reukers et al. [[35]] | PS | Holland | Started 149 (64 M/85 F) | Group 1 = 2 Y 4 M ± 1 Y 2 M | Yes and no | 29 Edgewise |
If extractions were done could be 2, 3, or 4 premolars extracted | 32 Straight wire Class II elastics | |||||
Finished 61 | ||||||
Excluded 2 - moved 7 - early debond 79 - poor radiographs | ||||||
Taner et al. [[36]] | RS | Turkey | 27 | Group 1 = 3.6 ± 2.5 Y | Yes | Edgewise |
4 bicuspids | ||||||
RS | Norway | 80 | Edgewise 13.8 ± 0.7 Y | Yes | 40 Edgewise | |
Edgewise (22 M/18 F) | Straight wire | At least 14/24 or upper bicuspid with lower 4s or upper bicuspid with lower 5s | 40 Straight wires | |||
13.1 ± 0.7 Y | ||||||
Straight wire (20 M/20 F) | ||||||
Liou and Chang [[38]] | RS | Taiwan | 50 | Group I = 26.5 ± 5.5 Y | Yes | I-30 Minscrew + FFA |
Group I (0 M/30 F) | Group II = 22.5 ± 1.6 Y | Mx 14/24 | II-20 FFA | |||
Group II (4 M/16 F) | ||||||
Martins et al. [[39]] | RS | Brazil | 28 | I = 13.4 ± 2.4 Y | Yes | Edgewise |
I (16Â M:12Â F) | (2 Mx PM or 4 PM) | Headgear and class II elastics (if necessary) | ||||
II N/A mixed data |