Effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival crevicular fluid: a systematic review

Kapoor, Priyanka; Kharbanda, Om Prakash; Monga, Nitika; Miglani, Ragini; Kapila, Sunil

doi:10.1186/s40510-014-0065-6

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 2 Study characteristics

From: Effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival crevicular fluid: a systematic review

Ref no.	F	T/O F	Mech	Mech/O appli	React	Tot Du	No. of obs	Time obs	Bas	Bas (same as cont)
22.	50 and 150 g	Cont F	Retr- se	Ni-Ti spg	N	2 m	6	0, 1, 24 h, 1 wk, 1 m, 2 m	0	N
23.	250 g	Intrrup F	Retr- se	E-chain	NM	168 h	4	0, 1 h, 24 h, 168 h	0	N
24	4, 13, 26, 52, or 78 kPa	Cont F	Retr- se	Vert loop act. with Ni-Ti spg	N	84 d	9 to 10	0, 1, 3, ±7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 d	0	N
25	150 g	Cont F	Retr- se	Ni-Ti spg	N	3 m	6	before act 0, after act 1 h, 24 h, 168 h, 1 m, 3 m	0	N
26	NM	Interm F	Mx expans	Hyrax screw	Y	81 d	10	0, 14, 25, 32, 33, 39, 46, 53, 60, 81 d	14 d	Y
27	SD-NM LD-50 cN	SD - intrrup F LD - cont F	SD - space gaining LD - Retr- se	SD-E - separt LD - Ni-Ti spg	N	SD - 24 h LD - 4 m	SD - 2 LD - 5	SD - 0 h, 24 h LD - 0, T1, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m	0	N
28	HG - RDG-NM	HG - cont F RDG - heavy Intrrup F	Retr- se	HG - hybrid retract RDG - C distalizer	HG-N RDG-Y	1 wk	4	Before act (0), after act 1 h, 24 h, 1 wk	0	Y
29	Level-NS	Cont F	Level Retr- se	0.014” NiTi wire Sentalloy c.c. spg	N	6 m 21 d	7	Level - 0, 7 d, 21 d, 3 m After 6 m Retr - 6 m (0), 7 d, 21 d	Level - 0 Retr - 6 m-0	Y
29	Retr - 150 g	Cont F	Level Retr- se	0.014” NiTi wire Sentalloy c.c. spg	N	6 m 21 d	7		Level - 0 Retr - 6 m-0	Y
30	250 g	Intrrup F	Retr- se	E-chain	NM	168 h	4	0, 1, 24, 168 h	0	N
31	Level-NS	Cont F	Level Retr- se	0.014” NiTi wire Sentalloy c.c. spg	NM	6 m 21 d	6	Level - 0, 7 d, 21 d After 6 m Retr - 6 m (0), 7 d, 21 d	Level - 0 Retr - 6 m-0	Y
31	Retr - 150 g	Cont F	Level Retr- se	0.014” NiTi wire Sentalloy c.c. spg	NM	6 m 21 d	6	Level - 0, 7 d, 21 d After 6 m Retr - 6 m (0), 7 d, 21 d	Level - 0 Retr - 6 m-0	Y
32	250 g	Intrrup F	Retr- se	E-chain	N	7 d	4	0, 1, 24, 168 h	0	N
33	NM	Intrrup F	Space gaining	E - separt	N	14 d	5	−7 d, 0 d, 1 h, 1 d, 7 d	0	N
34	250 g	Intrrup F	Retr- se	E-chain	N	168 h	8	0, 1, 4, 8, 24, 72, 120, 168 h	0	N
35	60, 18, 120, 240 g	Cont F	Retr- se	Vert loop act. with Ni-Ti spg	N	112 d	11	−28, −14, 0, 1, 3, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 d	0	N
36	Mx C - 115 g	Cont F	Retr- se	Ricketts seg arch	N	30 d	6	0, 1 h, 24 h, 6 d, 10 d, 30 d	0	Y
36	Md C - 90 g	Cont F	Retr- se	Ricketts seg arch	N	30 d	6	0, 1 h, 24 h, 6 d, 10 d, 30 d	0	Y
37	E1: 100 g	E1: Cont	Retr	E1: NiTi spg	E1: N	3 wk	10	0, 1 h, 24 h, 1 wk, repeat twice	0	N
37	E2: NM	E2: Intrrup	Retr	E2: screw attached retractor	E2: 2	3 wk	10	0, 1 h, 24 h, 1 wk, repeat twice	0	N
38	70 cN	Cont	Tipping	bu/la offset	N	24 h	2	0, 24 h	0	N
39	NM	Interm F	Mx expans	Hyrax screw	Y	81 d	11	0, 14, 18, 25, 32, 33, 39, 46, 53, 60, 81 d	0	Y
40	13 to 4 kPa	Cont	Retr	V loop act by spg	N	84 d	9	0, 1, 3 d, 14 d intervals until 84 d	0	N
41	2 to 2.5 N	Intrrup	Retr	E-chain	N	7 d	4	0, 1, 24, 168 h	0	N
42	250 g	Intrrup	Retr	E-chain	N	7 d	4	0, 1, 24, 168 h	0	N
19	100 g	Cont	Labial tipping	La offset in NiTi wire	N	7 d	5	0, 1, 24, 48, 168 h	0	N
43	NM	NM	NM	Alignment	NM	6 m	3	0, 1 m, 6 m	0	N
44	150 g	Cont	Retr	NiTi spg	N	45 d	6	0, 2, 4, 7, 30, 45 d	0	N
45	130 g	Intrrup	Retr	E-chain	N	24 h	2	0, 24 h	0	N
46	NM	NM	NM	Bracket placement	N	3 m	4	0, 24 h, 1 wk, 3 m	0	Y
47	100 g	Cont	Retr	NiTi c.c. spg	N	42 d	4	−10 wk, 0, 4 h, 7 d, 42 d	0	N
48	NM	Intrrup	Space gain	Elastic separt	N	7 d	3	0, 24 h, 7 d	0	N
49	150 g	Cont	Retr	V - loop and NiTi c.c. spg	N	87 d	7	−7 d, 0, 1 h, 24 h, 14, 21, 80 d	0	Y
50	NM	Intrrup	Space gin	Elastic separt	N	14 d	6	−7 d, 0, 1 min, 1 h, 1 d, 7 d	0	N
51	120 g	Cont	Retr	NiTi c.c. spg	N	21 d	6	1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 168 h, 14 d, 21 d	1 h	N
52	150 g	Cont	Retr	Sentalloy c.c. spg	N	3 m	7	0, 1, 24, 48 h, 7 d, 21 d, 3 m	0	N
53	100 g	Cont F	Retr- se	Ni-Ti c.c. spg	N	28 d	4	0, 1 d, 7 d, 28 d	0	Y
54	150 g	Cont	Retr	Sentalloy c.c. spg	N	3 m	7	0, 1, 24, 48 h, 7 d, 21 d, 3 m	0	N
55	NM	Cont	Alignment	0.014 NiTi wire	N	7 d	8	0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 d	0	Y
56	13, 26, 52 kPa	Cont	Retr	V loop act by spg	N	84 d	9	0, 1, 3 d, 14 d intervals until 84 d	0	N
57	NM	Cont	Alignment	0.014 - NiTi, 0.016 × 0.022 NiTi, 0.019 × 0.025 NiTi	N	20 wk	6	0, 3 wk, 6 wk, 12 wk, 2 wk	0	N
58	NM	HG: band intrrup F Bond - Cont F NHG - Cont F	Level	0.014 - in NiTi wire 0.016 × 0.022-in s.s.	N	70 wk	HG: band-3 HG; bond-2 NHG-2	HG: band - 18, 0, 52 wk	HG: band - 18 wk	Y
								HG: bond - 0, 52 wk	Bond - 0 wk
								NHG - 0, 52 wk	NHG - 0 wk
59	200 g	Cont	Retr	Sentalloy c.c. spg	N	1 m	5	0,1 h, 24 h, 168 h, 1 m	0	Y

Ref No. reference number, F force, T/O type of, Mech mechanics, Mech/O mechanics of, appli appliance, React reactivation, Tot total, Du duration, N number, obs observation, Bas baseline, min minutes, g grams, Intrrup interrupted, Cont continuous, interm intermittent, Retr retraction, se segmented, spg spring, E-chain elastomeric chain, NiTi nitinol, cont control, NM not mentioned, y year, d day, m month, h hour, Level leveling, separt separator, act activated, HG headgear, NHG non-headgear, bu buccal, la labial, HG hybrid retract, RDG rapid canine distalizer.

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