Effects of twin-block appliance on the anatomy of pharyngeal airway passage (PAP) in class II malocclusion subjects

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 1 The reliability for the measurement of various cephalometric variables

Parameter	Method error	Mode of variance	Reliability
SNA (°)	0.52	3.66	0.92
Maxillary length (mm)	0.68	19.84	0.98
Effective maxillary length (mm)	0.46	21.15	0.99
SNB (°)	0.45	2.77	0.93
Mandibular length (mm)	0.49	19.44	0.99
Effective mandibular length (mm)	0.84	37.04	0.98
FMA(°)	0.35	14.23	0.99
Depth of the nasopharynx [DNP] (mm)	0.54	19.40	0.99
Height of the nasopharynx [HNP] (mm)	0.61	3.61	0.90
Depth of the oropharynx [DOP] (mm)	0.57	9.06	0.96
Depth of the hypopharynx [DHP] (mm)	0.54	12.41	0.98
Soft palate length [SPL] (mm)	1.00	11.26	0.91
Soft palate thickness [SPT] (mm)	0.38	1.51	0.90
Soft palate inclination [SPI] (°)	1.67	32.01	0.91
PPWT 1 at nasopharyngeal space 1 (mm)	0.69	9.82	0.95
PPWT 2 at nasopharyngeal space 2 (mm)	0.65	7.36	0.94
PPWT 3 at oropharyngeal space 1 (mm)	0.60	1.57	0.77
PPWT 4 at oropharyngeal space 2 (mm)	0.53	6.36	0.96
PPWT 5 at hypopharyngeal space 1 (mm)	0.29	0.77	0.89
PPWT 6 at hypopharyngeal space 2 (mm)	0.30	1.15	0.92