Psychological impact of visible differences in patients with congenital craniofacial anomalies

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 2 Differences between the DAS 59 and PIDAQ scores for patients and controls

Items	Group	Mean	Standard deviation	p value
General self-consciousness	Cases	49.29***	10.8	<0.001
General self-consciousness	Controls	21.84***	3.2	<0.001
Social self-consciousness	Cases	58.23***	14.17	<0.001
Social self-consciousness	Controls	22.8***	2.40	<0.001
Sexual and bodily self-consciousness	Cases	24.26***	5.98	<0.001
Sexual and bodily self-consciousness	Controls	8.77***	2.09	<0.001
Negative self-concept	Cases	9.65***	3.16	<0.001
Negative self-concept	Controls	16.91***	1.17	<0.001
Facial self-consciousness	Cases	12.02***	2.50	<0.001
Facial self-consciousness	Controls	4.66***	1.06	<0.001
Physical	Cases	5.71***	1.60	<0.001
Physical	Controls	2.65***	0.99	<0.001
Total DAS score	Cases	159.16***	31.54	<0.001
Total DAS score	Controls	77.64***	6.57	<0.001
Dental self-confidence	Cases	12.84***	3.10	<0.001
Dental self-confidence	Controls	11.11***	2.91	<0.001
Social impact	Cases	7.2**	3.36	0.004
Social impact	Controls	6.1**	1.72	0.004
Psychological impact	Cases	6.33***	2.86	<0.001
Psychological impact	Controls	5.03***	1.92	<0.001
Aesthetic concern	Cases	6.88***	2.76	<0.001
Aesthetic concern	Controls	5.28***	1.62	<0.001
Dental self-consciousness	Cases	8.56***	4.20	<0.001
Dental self-consciousness	Controls	6.65***	1.99	<0.001
Total PIDAQ score	Cases	33.25***	9.45	<0.001
Total PIDAQ score	Controls	27.52***	5.67	<0.001

* correlation is significant at the 0.05 level.** correlation is significant at the 0.01 level.***correlation is significant at the 0.001 level.