Psychological impact of visible differences in patients with congenital craniofacial anomalies

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 3 Effect of gender on PIDAQ and DAS59 scores in patients

Domain	Sex	Mean	Standard deviation	Standard error mean	p value
General self-consciousness	Male	49.29	10.815	1.5	0.996
General self-consciousness	Female	49.3	10.998	1.555	0.996
Social self-consciousness	Male	58.73	14.096	1.955	0.715
Social self-consciousness	Female	57.7	14.379	2.033	0.715
Sexual and bodily self-consciousness	Male	24.44	5.992	0.831	0.762
Sexual and bodily self-consciousness	Female	24.08	6.037	0.854	0.762
Negative self-concept	Male	9.52	3.032	0.421	0.68
Negative self-concept	Female	9.78	3.328	0.471	0.68
Facial self-consciousness	Male	12.23	2.51	0.348	0.388
Facial self-consciousness	Female	11.8	2.507	0.355	0.388
Physical	Male	5.85	1.638	0.227	0.372
Physical	Female	5.56	1.58	0.223	0.372
Total DAS	Male	160.06	31.585	4.38	0.77
Total DAS	Female	158.22	31.799	4.497	0.77
Dental self-confidence	Male	12.69	2.86	0.397	0.62
Dental self-confidence	Female	13	3.369	0.476	0.62
Social impact	Male	6.98	3.006	0.417	0.512
Social impact	Female	7.42	3.709	0.525	0.512
Psychological impact	Male	5.44***	2.2	0.305	0.001
Psychological impact	Female	7.26***	3.18	0.45	0.001
Aesthetic concern	Male	6.13**	2.385	0.331	0.005
Aesthetic concern	Female	7.66**	2.939	0.416	0.005
Dental self-consciousness	Male	8.17	4.218	0.585	0.348
Dental self-consciousness	Female	8.96	4.204	0.595	0.348
Total PIDAQ score	Male	31.25*	7.963	1.104	0.028
Total PIDAQ score	Female	35.34*	10.458	1.479	0.028

* correlation is significant at the 0.05 level.** correlation is significant at the 0.01 level.***correlation is significant at the 0.001 level.