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Table 2 Skeletal effects on the maxillary complex

From: The efficacy of maxillary protraction protocols with the micro-implant-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE) and the novel N2 mini-implant—a finite element study

Simulation

Clinical protocol

Movement of maxillary complex

Details of maxillary movement

A

FM [−30]

Counter-clockwise rotation

Forward and upward movement; slight posterior downward movement

B

Pal-MI-FM [−30]

Translates forward and downward

Equal forward and downward movement

C

Ant-MI-FM [−15]

Counter-clockwise rotation

Forward and upward movement; entire maxilla moves upward

D

Ant-MI-FM [−30]

Translates; slight clockwise rotation

Forward and downward movement

E

Ant-MI-FM [−45]

Clockwise rotation

Downward and backward movement; nasal bone protracted forward

F

Ant-MI-FM [+30]

Counter-clockwise rotation

Forward and upward movement; entire maxilla moves upward

G

Post-MI-FM [−30]

Translates forward

Significant forward movement; slight downward movement

H

Post-MI-FM [−45]

Clockwise rotation

Slight forward, but mainly downward movement of maxilla