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Progress in Orthodontics
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Table 2 Skeletal effects on the maxillary complex

From: The efficacy of maxillary protraction protocols with the micro-implant-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE) and the novel N2 mini-implant—a finite element study

Simulation Clinical protocol Movement of maxillary complex Details of maxillary movement
A FM [−30] Counter-clockwise rotation Forward and upward movement; slight posterior downward movement
B Pal-MI-FM [−30] Translates forward and downward Equal forward and downward movement
C Ant-MI-FM [−15] Counter-clockwise rotation Forward and upward movement; entire maxilla moves upward
D Ant-MI-FM [−30] Translates; slight clockwise rotation Forward and downward movement
E Ant-MI-FM [−45] Clockwise rotation Downward and backward movement; nasal bone protracted forward
F Ant-MI-FM [+30] Counter-clockwise rotation Forward and upward movement; entire maxilla moves upward
G Post-MI-FM [−30] Translates forward Significant forward movement; slight downward movement
H Post-MI-FM [−45] Clockwise rotation Slight forward, but mainly downward movement of maxilla
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