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Table 2 Maxillofacial landmarks displacement (mm) after activation of quad-helix and NPE2

From: A comparison of three-dimensional stress distribution and displacement of naso-maxillary complex on application of forces using quad-helix and nickel titanium palatal expander 2 (NPE2): a FEM study

 

Quad-helix

NPE2

 

X

Y

Z

X

Y

Z

Point A

0.003427

0.006688

−0.00881

0.003319

0.006248

−0.006096

ANS

0.004253

0.003503

0.008858

0.00391

0.003613

0.006186

PNS

0.005283

0.001837

0.012598

0.005056

0.001094

0.012617

Maxillary tuberosity

0.016233

0.00031

−0.003611

0.013944

0.000208

−0.004822

Pterygoid-hamulus

0.015453

−0.00058

0.00439

0.013264

−0.000674

0.003608

Infra-orbital rim

−0.002627

−0.003797

0.002055

−0.003208

−0.004709

0.000064

Frontal process of zygomatic bone

0.005746

−0.003224

−0.0038

0.00482

−0.004307

−0.005211

Maxillary process of zygomatic bone

0.007994

0.001986

−0.004287

0.006796

0.000902

−0.005581

Temporal process of zygomatic bone

0.001178

−0.003673

−0.006246

0.000459

−0.004526

−0.007885

Lateral nasal wall

−0.001213

−0.005725

0.004914

−0.001668

−0.006081

0.002756

Inferior nasal floor

0.001095

−0.006938

0.010252

0.000813

−0.006873

0.007878

Lateral pterygoid plate

0.016924

−0.000257

0.001381

0.0145

−0.000456

0.000907

Medial pterygoid plate

0.022838

−0.001301

0.003343

0.020164

−0.001623

0.002856

  1. X transverse, Y sagittal, Z vertical, + indicates outward, backward and downward displacement