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Table 4 Intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability of lateral cephalometric radiograph measurements

From: Craniofacial features as assessed by lateral cephalometric measurements in children with Down syndrome

Group

Variable

Intra-examiner reliability: ICC

Inter-examiner reliability: ICC

Maxilla/midface

SNA

0.94

0.75

ANS-PNS (mm)

0.98

0.37

Co-ANS (mm)

0.99

0.93

N/S^ANS/PNS palatal plane angle (°)

0.93

0.49

Ba-S-N (°)

0.97

0.59

S-N anterior cranial base (mm)

0.98

0.98

S-Ba posterior cranial base (mm)

0.99

0.95

Ba-A (mm)

0.99

0.95

Ba-N-A (°)

0.93

0.81

FH^N/A maxillary depth (°)

0.86

0.68

PNS-Ba (mm)

0.97

0.27

A-N true vertical (mm)

0.90

0.87

OP^FH (°)

0.94

0.66

OP^SN (°)

0.97

0.68

Mandible

SNB

0.98

0.76

Ba-B (mm)

1.00

0.95

Ba-N-B (°)

0.98

0.82

FH-N-Po facial angle/mandibular depth angle (°)

0.91

0.78

Co-Go-Gn gonial angle (°)

0.93

0.83

Co-Go (mm)

0.84

0.70

S-Go (mm)

0.94

0.88

Co-Pog (mm)

0.99

0.97

S/N^Go/Gn (°)

0.97

0.88

B-N true vertical (mm)

0.94

0.83

Pg-N true vertical (mm)

0.95

0.87

Y-axis length (mm)

0.99

0.98

Y-axis angle (°)

0.99

0.79

Inter-maxillary relationship

ANB

0.96

0.90

Wits appraisal (mm)

0.95

0.70

Co-Pog-Co-ANS

0.99

0.45

Facial height

TFH (N-Me) (mm)

1.00

0.98

UFH (N-ANS) (mm)

0.99

0.93

LFH (ANS-Me) (mm)

1.00

0.98

LFH/TFH (%)

0.99

0.77

PFH (S-Go) (mm)

0.92

0.82

AFH (N-Pg) (mm)

1.00

0.98

PFH/AFH (%)

0.92

0.85

Hyoid

MP-H (mm)

0.99

0.97

H-Rg (mm)

1.00

0.90

H-C3 (mm)

0.99

0.93

H-C3-Rg (mm)

0.99

0.99

H-Me-Go/Me (°)

0.99

0.94

H-S (mm)

1.00

0.98

C2 - H FH perp (mm)

0.97

0.97

C2 - H || FH (mm)

1.00

0.95

C3 - H FH perp (mm)

0.96

0.96

C3 - H || FH (mm)

1.00

0.94

C4 - H FH perp (mm)

0.92

0.80

C4 - H || FH (mm)

0.99

0.88

Airway

Nasopharynx airway at A point level (mm)

0.93

0.60

Oral pharyngeal airway space at Mx1 level (mm)

0.99

0.11

Hypopharynx airway space at B point level (mm)

0.99

0.03

Deep pharynx airway at Pog level (mm)

0.99

0.10

Palate

AGSP-PNS (palate length) (mm)

0.97

0.34

ANS/PNS^Me/Go (angle of palate to MP) (°)

0.95

0.84

SPS-SPI (max soft palate thickness) (mm)

0.94

0.57

Arnett/Mc modified for OSA

Upper incisor inclination (Mx1-MxOP) (°)

0.86

0.49

Upper incisor tip projection (Mx1-Sn) (mm)

0.95

0.86

Lower incisor inclination (Md1-MdOP) (°)

0.94

0.76

Lower incisor tip projection (Md1-Sn) (mm)

0.96

0.85

Overjet (mm)

0.91

0.56

Overbite (mm)

0.79

0.04

Maxillary anterior height (mm)

0.89

0.65

Sub-Gl (mm)

−0.07

−0.22

STA-TVL (A') (mm)

0.87

0.21

STB-TVL (B') (mm)

0.95

0.80

STP-TVL (mm)

0.96

0.84

STP-THR (mm)

0.85

0.21