Table 1 Comparison of descriptives between treatment groups

Initial discrepancy index

20.0

18.5

6.8

28.1

25.0

13.8

0.008

Final ABO-COGS deband score

22.5

21.0

8.2

23.8

23.0

9.7

0.666

Initial crowding/spacing upper

0.1

0.0

3.1

−1.0

−0.7

6.0

0.415

Initial crowding/spacing lower

0.1

0.5

4.3

−3.4

−3.7

4.0

0.415

Starting age (months)

154.6

151.5

20.9

177.1

179.0

16.1

<0.0001

Starting age (years)

12.9

12.6

1.7

14.8

14.9

1.3

<0.0001

Deband age (months)

184.8

180.0

18.4

208.7

207.0

15.2

<0.0001

Deband age (years)

15.4

15.0

1.5

17.4

17.3

1.3

<0.0001

Treatment duration (years)

2.5

2.3

0.8

2.6

2.6

0.8

0.227

Treatment duration (months)

29.5

28.0

10.0

31.5

31.8

9.5

0.227

Initial SNA

78.6

78.4

3.6

78.3

78.1

2.6

0.820

Initial SNB

74.8

74.3

3.3

72.3

72.5

3.3

0.024

Initial ANB

3.9

4.1

1.8

6.0

6.0

2.1

0.001

Initial FMIA

60.4

60.0

7.2

60.8

59.4

9.3

0.969

Initial IMPA

95.5

94.4

6.6

91.7

90.5

8.4

0.068

Initial U1 to SN

107.6

107.7

6.4

105.7

107.1

9.2

0.666

Initial Ceph overbite (mm)

4.6

5.0

1.8

4.6

5.1

3.7

0.931

Initial Ceph overjet (mm)

8.1

8.3

2.0

10.1

9.4

2.6

0.007

Deband SNA

77.8

77.3

4.0

77.7

78.5

2.6

0.772

Deband SNB

75.3

74.9

4.2

75.1

75.6

3.6

0.944

Deband ANB

2.4

2.9

1.9

2.6

2.8

2.9

0.701

Deband FMIA

56.0

56.3

7.0

58.6

57.2

5.2

0.121

Deband IMPA

100.4

100.1

5.2

92.3

92.4

7.8

<0.0001

Deband U1 to SN

101.6

100.1

7.6

102.7

101.9

10.2

0.772

Deband Ceph overbite (mm)

1.8

2.0

0.7

1.5

1.7

1.0

0.146

Deband Ceph overjet (mm)

2.9

2.8

1.2

3.1

2.8

0.9

0.354

Casts initial overjet (mm)

8.3

8.3

1.5

10.1

10.0

2.3

0.002

Cast initial overbite (mm)

4.6

5.0

1.8

3.9

4.5

2.8

0.080