Stress and displacement patterns in the craniofacial skeleton with rapid maxillary expansion—a finite element method study

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 2 Computational result of von Mises stress contours of the various skeletal structures

Bones	VM stress, max (kg/mm²)	VM stress, min (kg/mm²)	VM stress, average (kg/mm²)
Frontal bone	42.74	0.285	21.51
Maxillary bone	58.7	0.747	29.7
Nasal bone	51.7	3.628	27.66
Sphenoid bone	20.96	0.25	10.605
Temporal bone	26.905	0.15	13.52
Zygomatic bone	44.602	0.573	22.58