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Table 5 Statistical analysis of the pressure changes in different treatment stages between the study and control groups

From: Changes in lips, cheeks and tongue pressures after upper incisor protrusion in Class II division 2 malocclusion: a prospective study

 

T1-T0

T2-T1

T2-T0

Mean difference ± SD

p

Mean difference ± SD

p

Mean difference ± SD

p

Upper lip pressure (kPa)

Study group

−0.45 ± 0.57

1.000

2.97 ± 0.75

0.001**

2.52 ± 0.83

0.014*

Control group

1.00 ± 0.66

0.418

2.51 ± 0.87

0.020*

3.51 ± 0.96

0.003**

Lower lip pressure (kPa)

Study group

3.75 ± 1.03

0.003**

−3.95 ± 0.79

0.000***

−0.20 ± 0.98

1.000

Control group

1.13 ± 1.19

1.000

1.54 ± 0.91

0.308

2.67 ± 1.13

0.072

Vertical lip pressure (kPa)

Study group

−1.57 ± 0.39

0.001**

1.82 ± 0.49

0.002**

0.25 ± 0.47

1.000

Control group

0.85 ± 0.46

0.216

1.29 ± 0.56

0.084

2.13 ± 0.54

0.001**

Left buccal pressure (kPa)

Study group

−2.93 ± 0.71

0.001**

1.87 ± 0.81

0.084

−1.07 ± 0.79

0.565

Control group

1.29 ± 0.82

0.375

0.93 ± 0.94

0.980

2.22 ± 0.92

0.062

Right buccal pressure (kPa)

Study group

−1.18 ± 0.63

0.203

0.57 ± 0.80

1.000

−0.62 ± 0.88

1.000

Control group

0.73 ± 0.72

0.953

−1.07 ± 0.92

0.760

−0.33 ± 1.01

1.000

Swallowing tongue pressure (kPa)

Study group

1.93 ± 1.49

0.609

−1.93 ± 1.72

0.807

0.00 ± 1.82

1.000

Control group

−1.36 ± 1.72

1.000

−2.38 ± 1.99

0.720

−3.73 ± 2.10

0.255

Maximum tongue pressure (kPa)

Study group

−2.02 ± 1.64

0.678

1.72 ± 1.39

0.678

−0.30 ± 1.73

1.000

Control group

0.56 ± 1.89

1.000

−0.67 ± 1.61

1.000

−0.11 ± 2.00

1.000

  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001