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Table 2 Mean values and standard deviations (SD) of the vertical force component (Fz) for modified aligners (z11 = cut on tooth 11; z12–21 = cut from tooth 12 till 21) and uncut (none) aligners during palatal and vestibular tipping (± 0.151 mm deflection distance) for all three materials used

From: Removable thermoplastic appliances modified by incisal cuts show altered biomechanical properties during tipping of a maxillary central incisor

Tipping range

Material thickness

Material

Cut

N

Mean (N)

SD (N)

−0.151 mm palatal

1 mm

Biolon®

None

5

−0.16

0.13

 

Erkodur®

None

5

0.03

0.19

 

IdealClear®

None

5

−0.02

0.22

  

Biolon®

z11

5

0.19

0.59

  

Erkodur®

z11

5

0.11

0.17

  

IdealClear®

z11

5

0.10

0.35

  

Biolon®

z12–21

5

0.51

0.16

  

Erkodur®

z12–21

5

0.32

0.25

  

IdealClear®

z12–21

5

0.26

0.33

+0.151 mm vestibular

1 mm

Biolon®

None

5

−2.55

0.46

 

Erkodur®

None

5

−1.13

0.25

 

IdealClear®

None

5

−1.00

0.29

  

Biolon®

z11

5

−0.69

0.31

  

Erkodur®

z11

5

−0.65

0.17

  

IdealClear®

z11

5

−0.58

0.20

  

Biolon®

z12–21

5

−0.35

0.18

  

Erkodur®

z12–21

5

−0.48

0.19

  

IdealClear®

z12–21

5

−0.37

0.33

  1. The sign of Fz values reflects the effective force direction. A negative sign indicates an intrusive Fz, whereas positive values indicate an extrusive Fz