Table 1 Studies on Biomarkers in PMICF
From: A review of biomarkers in peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid (PMICF)
S.No | Reference | Biomarkers | Method of collection | Analysis method | No. of patients | Duration of study (days) | Time at which significant variation was achieved | Concentration* | Percentage difference (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before loading implant | After loading implant | Control | |||||||||
1 | Monga et al. [5] | Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) | Micro capillary pipettes | ELISA | 11 | 300 | After 24 h of loading | 0.13 pg/μL | 0.27 pg/μL | - | |
2 | Sari et al. [17] | Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) | Paper strips | ELISA | 10 | 21 | After 24 h of loading | - | 22.0 ± 2.5 pg/μL | 19.6 ± 2.6 pg/μL | 12.24 |
3 | Hamamci et al. [27] | Interleukin 2 (IL-2) | Paper strips | ELISA | 16 | 90 | After 24 h of loading (Unchanged) | 65.20 ± 20.73 pg/μL | 74.19 ± 30.36 pg/μL | 70.01 ± 31.24 pg/μL | -6.87, 5.97 |
4 | Hamamci et al. [27] | Interleukin 6 (IL-6) | Paper strips | ELISA | 16 | 90 | After 24 h of loading (Unchanged) | 3.01 ± 0.82 pg/μL | 3.36 ± 0.97 pg/μL | 2.92 ± 1.15 pg/μL | 3.08, 15.06 |
5 | Hamamci et al. [27] | Interleukin 8 (IL-8) | Paper strips | ELISA | 16 | 90 | After 24 h of loading | 77.84 ± 12.59 pg/μL | 83.52 ± 14.34 pg/μL | 78.56 ± 17.10 pg/μL | -0.91, 6.31 |
6 | Kaya et al. [28] | Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) | Paper strips | ELISA | 16 | 90 | After 24 h of loading | 31.38 ± 5.99 pg/μL | 32.00 ± 4.50 pg/μL | 31.91 ± 7.26 pg/μL | -1.66, 0.28 |
7 | Enhos et al. [34] | Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) | Paper strips | ELISA | 20 | 30 | After 24 h of loading | 3935.42 pg/μL | 4631.25 pg/μL | - | |
8 | Enhos et al. [34] | Osteoprotegerin (OPG) | Paper strips | ELISA | 20 | 30 | After 24 h of loading | 81.06 pg/μL | 72.74 pg/μL | - | |
9 | Intachai et al. [40] | Chondroitin sulphate (CS) | Paper strips | ELISA | 10 | 35 | After 28 days of loading | 758.03 pg/μL | 1025.11 pg/μL | - | |