Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
From: Effectiveness of en masse versus two-step retraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Study info. | Study design | G | Sample no. | Age | Gender | Malocclusion | Archwire/bracket | Anchorage and Aux | Force system/amount | Measurement T |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al-Sibaie and Hajeer 2013 [18] | RCT | G1 | 28 | 23.02 | 19F/9M | Class II div. 1/OJ > 5 Crowding <3.5 | 0.019 × 0.025″ SS/0.022″ MBT | Miniscrews | Elastic-chain 150 g | T1 before ttt/T2 after leveling/T3 class I canine |
G2 | 28 | 20.46 | 16F/12M | 0.019 × 0.025″ SS/0.022″ MBT | TPAs | Elastic-chain | ||||
Davoody et al. 2012 [20] | RCT | G1 | 23 | 17.4 SD 8.8 | 6F/7M | Angle class I or II | 0.016 × 0.022″ SS/0.022″ slot SL | Miniscrews | NiTi coil 150 g | T1 before retraction |
G2 | 23 | 17.9 SD 8.9 | 10F/5M | 0.016 × 0.022″ SS/0.022″ slot SL | Differential moment | NiTi coil 150 g (canine) then 0.017 × 0.025 SS loop (incisors) and 0.017 × 0.025 NiTi intrusion arch | T2 after retraction | |||
Huang et al. 2010 [24] | Prospective | G1 | 26 | 15.4 SD 1.9 | 18F/8M | Class I or II | 0.018 × 0.025″ SS/0.022″ slot | NiTi coil 150 g | T1 before space closure | |
G2 | 26 | 15.8 SD 1.8 | 18F/8M | 0.018 × 0.025″ SS/0.022″ slot | NiTi coil 150 g (canine) then (incisors) | T2 after space closure | ||||
Kuroda et al. 2009 [23] | Prospective | G1 | 11 | 18.5 SD 3.3 | F | Class II/ OJ > 5 | Miniscrews | NiTi coil 100 g | T1 before ttt | |
G2 | 11 | 21.8 SD 7.9 | F | TPA and HG | Sliding mechanics (canine) then loop mechanics (incisors) | T2 after ttt | ||||
Solem et al. 2013 [22] | Prospective | G1 | 11 | 20 to 29 mean 24 years | 20F/4M | Angle class I/ severe dentoalveolar protrusion | 0.016 × 0.022″ SS/0.018″ slot | Miniplates | Elastic-chain | T1 before ttt |
G2 | 13 | 0.016 × 0.022″ SS/0.018″ slot | TPAs | Elastic-chain (canine) then intrusion retraction loop (incisors) | T2 after ttt | |||||
Upadhyay et al. 2008 [21] | Prospective | G1 | 15 | 14.5 to 22.3 mean 17.2 | 10F/5M | Angle class I/ class II div. 1 with severe OJ | 0.017 × 0.025″ SS/0.022″ ROTH | Miniscrews | NiTi coil 150 g | T1 before retraction |
G2 | 15 | 11F/4M | Nance, HG, Bond7 | T2 after retraction | ||||||
Upadhyay et al. 2008 [17] | RCT | G1 | 20 | 17.6years | F | OJ = <5/Crowding < 3.5 | 0.017 × 0.025″ SS/0.022″ ROTH | Miniscrews | NiTi coil 150 g | T1 before retraction |
G2 | 20 | 17.3years | F | 0.017 × 0.025″ SS/0.022″ ROTH | TPA, HG, Bond7 | T2 after space closure | ||||
Xu et al. 2010 [19] | RCT | G1 | 32 | 12.6 SD 1.1 | 20F/12M | Class I or II | 0.022″ MBT | 32 HG/27 TPA | Active laceback | T1 before ttt |
G2 | 32 | 12.7 SD 1.2 | 19F/12M | 0.022″ MBT | 31 HG/21 TPA | Active laceback | T2 after ttt |