Table 1 Pretreatment differences between extraction and non-extraction groups with respect to demographic characteristics and cephalometric measurements

FMA (°)

28.37 ± 3.96

26.85 ± 5.86

0.17

N-ANS/N-Me

44.45 ± 1.82

44.58 ± 2.44

0.79

SN to Go-Gn (°)

34.04 ± 3.79

33.80 ± 6.37

0.83

Y-axis (°)

60.52 ± 3.88

59.46 ± 3.56

0.20

Gonial angle (Ar-Go-Me) (°)

129.00 ± 4.82

128.42 ± 6.46

0.65

Palatal plane to SN (°)

6.77 ± 2.51

7.42 ± 4.22

0.40

Palatal plane to MP (°)

27.72 ± 4.35

26.71 ± 6.85

0.42

Age

13.71 ± 3.28

14.62 ± 3.84

0.25

Males

18 (43.90%)

18 (42.86%)

0.92

Duration (years)

2.79 ± 1.16

1.8 ± 0.65

< 0.01