Movement of anterior teeth using clear aligners: a three-dimensional, retrospective evaluation

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 3 Paired t test for the comparison of the predicted (TS) and achieved (T1) torque

			Mean difference	Standard error	p	95% confidence interval
			Mean difference	Standard error	p	Lower bound	Upper bound
Upper arch (n = 36)	Left side	Canine	0.21*	0.52	0.697	− 1.26	0.85
		Lateral incisor	− 1.57^†	–	0.116	–	–
		Central incisor	− 1.86^†	–	0.063	–	–
	Right side	Canine	− 1.0^†	–	0.318	–	–
		Lateral incisor	− 0.44*	0.5	0.437	− 1.59	0.70
		Central incisor	− 0.73^†	–	0.466	–	–
Lower arch (n = 27)	Left side	Canine	0.21*	0.67	0.753	− 1.16	1.59
		Lateral incisor	0.03*	0.72	0.965	− 1.46	1.52
		Central incisor	− 0.71*	0.66	0.289	− 2.07	0.64
	Right side	Canine	− 0.67*	0.91	0.472	− 2.54	1.21
		Lateral incisor	0.38*	0.91	0.683	− 1.50	2.25
		Central incisor	0.25*	0.55	0.654	− 0.89	1.39