Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the qualitative analysis
From: Post-orthodontic lower incisor inclination and gingival recession—a systematic review
Author | Publication year | Language | Study design | Sample size | Control group | Type of patients and/or subgroups | Mean age | Sex distribution (M/F) | Follow-up time | Details on ortho treatment | Primary outcome measure | Method of assessment for primary outcome | Secondary outcome | Method of assessment for secondary outcome | Primary outcome result | Secondary outcome result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allais and Melsen [20] | 2003 | English | Retrospective | 150 | Yes | Adult | 33 years (22–65) | 36/114 | Debonding | Fixed appliance with proclination | Recession (mm), plaque score, gingival index, biotype | Dental casts and photo | Incisor proclination | Arch length changes on dental casts, IMPA on cephalograms | Incidence of recession is higher for treated than that for control for teeth 41 and 32, not 42 and 31 (differences within the method error) | Mean arch length increase of 3.4 ± 2.6 mm |
Villard and Patcas [22] | 2015 | English | retrospective | 50 | Yes | Adult with or without premolar extractions | 23.8 ± 2.8 extraction group; 24.8 ± 6.1 non-extraction group | N.S. | 3 years after debonding | Fixed appliance, 24 extraction and 26 non-extraction | Crowding, clinical crown length | casts | IMPA, distance of L1 and B from perpendicular to MP passing through Pg | cephalograms | Clinical crown length increase of 0.4–0.8 mm in non-extraction group and of 1.1–0.4 in extraction group | Weak correlation between incisor position and clinical crown length, no correlation for canines |