Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Aboul-Ela [38]

RCT

University

AbsoAnchor,

Dentos, Daegu, Korea

8

1.3

Mx first molar and second premolar (2/26)

Aglarci [39]

pCCT

NA

AbsoAnchor,

Dentos, Daegu, Korea

10

1.6

Mx first molar and second premolar (6/50)

Akay [40]

pCS

University

Surgi-Tec

13

2.3

Parapalatal (0/40)

Al Maaitah [41]

pCCT

University

AbsoAnchor,

Dentos, Daegu, Korea

8

1.3

Mx first molar and second premolar (5/44)

Al-Sibaie [42]

RCT

University

Dewimed, Tuttlingen, Germany

7

1.6

Mx first molar and second premolar (3/56)

Aras [43]

RCT

University

Anchor Plus, Los Angeles, Calif

6/7

1.4/1.6

-Mx first molar and second premolar (0/32)

-Mx canine and lateral (1/32)

-Right side (0/16); Left side (0/16)*

Aslan [44]

RCT

University

OrthoTechnology Inc., Tampa, Fla

8

1.5

-Mn canine and first premolar (4/32)

-Right side (2/16); Left side (2/16)

Aydogdu [23]

RCT

University

AbsoAnchor, Dentos, Daegu, Korea

6

1.2

Mn lateral and canine (2/26)

Bechtold [45]

RCT

University

Orlus18107, Ortholution, Seoul, Korea

7

1.8

-Mx first molar and second premolar (3/24)

-Mixed insertion sites (7/52)

Blaya [46]

pCS

Private

Sin Implant Systems, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

10

1.2

Mx first molar and second premolar (0/30)

Bushang [47]

pCS

University

IMTEC Corporation, Ardmore, OK

8

1.8

-Parapalatal (1/32)

-Mn first molar and second premolar (1/22)

Canan [48]

RCT

University

Yesanchor, Seoul, Korea

9

1.8

Parapalatal (2/94)

Chen [49]

pCS

University

Ci Bei Corporation, Zhejiang, China

11

1.6

-Mx first molar and second premolar (2/40)

-Mixed insertion sites (5/8)

Chopra [50]

RCT

Dental clinic

NA

NA

NA

-Mx first molar and second premolar (2/50)

-Mn first molar and second premolar (3/50)

-Right side (4/50); Left side (1/50)

Cozzani [51]

pCCT

NA

M.A.S., Micerium, Avegno, Italy

11

1.5

Paramedian (6/36)

Davoody [52]

RCT

University

NA

8/9

1.8/2

Mx first molar and second premolar (5/30)

Dawlatly [53]

RCT

University

OsteoCare™ Implant System, London, UK

9

1.8

Zygomatic buttress (1/20)

Duran [54]

pCS

Academy

Forestadent, Pforzheim, Germany

8

1.7

Paramedian (0/42)

Durrani [55]

RCT

University

NA

10

2

-Mx first molar and second premolar (10/60)

-Right side (8/30); Left side (2/30)

Eissa [56]

RCT

University

MCT Tech, South Korea

10

1.6

-Mn canine and first premolar (0/30)

-Right side (0/15); Left side (0/15)

El Beialy [57]

pCS

University

Absoanchor, Dentos, Daegu, Korea

8

1.2

-Mx first molar and second premolar (4/22)

-Mn first molar and second premolar (3/18)

Elkordy [58]

RCT

University

3 M Unitek

10

1.6

-Mn canine and first premolar (3/30)

Ge [59]

RCT

University

ShenGang, ZhangHua, Taiwan

14

2

Zygomatic buttress (10/48)

Gelgor [60]

pCS

University

IMF Stryker, Leibinger, Germany

14

1.8

Midpalatal (0/25)

Gelgor [61]

pCCT

NA

IMF Stryker Leibinger, Germany

14

1.8

Midpalatal (0/40)

Gupta [62]

pCCT

University

Custom made Denticon, Mumbai

8

1.4

-Mx first molar and second premolar (9/40)

-Right side (6/20); Left side (3/20)

Iwai [63]

RCT

University

ISA; Biodent, Tokyo,

Japan

8

1.6

Mx first molar and second premolar (10/142)

Janson [64]

pCS

University

AbsoAnchor,

Dentos, Daegu, Korea

7

1.5

Mx first molar and second premolar (4/40)

Kayalar [65]

RCT

University

Ortho Easy Forestadent

10

1.7

Paramedian (0/20)

Khan [66]

RCT

University

Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany

8

1.2

-Mx first molar and second premolar (0/50)

-Right side (0/25); Left side (0/25)

Kim [67]

pCS

University

C-implant, Seoul, Korea

8.5

1.8

-Mx first molar and second premolar (2/50)

-Right side (1/25); Left side (1/25)

Lee [68]

pCCT

University

-Orlus18107, Ortholution, Seoul, Korea

-Orthoplant; BioMaterials Korea Inc., Seoul, Korea

7

1.8/2.5

-Mx first molar and second premolar (2/36)

-Mx first and second premolars (2/36)

Lehnen [69]

RCT

NA

Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany

8

1.6

Mx first molar and second premolar (7/60)

Liou [32]

pCS

NA

Leibinger, Freiburg, Germany

17

2

-Zygomatic buttress (0/32)

-Right side (0/16); Left side (0/16)

Liu [70]

RCT

NA

Cibei, Ningbo, China

8

1.2

Mx first molar and second premolar (8/68)

Manni [71]

RCT

NA

MAS, Micerium, Avegno, Italy

11

1.3–1.5

-Mn first molar and second premolar (0/50)

-Right side (0/25); Left side (0/25)

Miresmaeili [72]

pCS

University

NA

8/10

1.4/1.6/2

Parapalatal (5/52)

Miyazawa [73]

pCS

University

Jeil Medical, Seoul, Korea

8

1.6

-Mx first molar and second premolar (3/23)

-VL (1/21)

Motoyoshi [74]

pCS

University

ISA orthodontic Implant, BIODENT, Tokyo, Japan

8

1.6

-Mx first molar and second premolar (13/115)

-Mn first molar and second premolar (11/94)

-Right side (14/104); Left side (10/105)

Motoyoshi [75]

pCCT

University

ISA orthodontic Implant, BIODENT, Tokyo, Japan

8

1.6

Mx first molar and second premolar (7/143)

Motoyoshi [76]

pCS

University

ISA orthodontic Implant, BIODENT, Tokyo, Japan

8

1.6

-Mx first molar and second premolar (5/82)

-Right side (3/41); Left side (2/41)

Motoyoshi [77]

pCS

University

ISA orthodontic Implant, BIODENT, Tokyo, Japan

8

1.6

-Mx first molar and second premolar (9/202)

-Right side (6/102); Left side (3/100)

Nalçaci [78]

pCS

University

M-5146,11,Medartis AG, Basel, Switzerland

11

2

Paramedian (0/42)

Nienkemper [79]

pCS

University

PSM Medical Solutions, Tuttlingen, Germany

9

2

Paramedian (0/32)

Polat-Ozsoy [80]

pCS

University

AbsoAnchor, Dentos, Daegu, Korea

6

1.2

Mx lateral and canine (3/22)

Samrit [81]

pCS

NA

AbsoAnchor, Dentos, Daegu, Korea

NA

NA

-Mx first molar and second premolar (0/20)

-Mn first molar and second premolar (4/18)

-Right side (2/19); Left side (2/19)

Sarul [22]

RCT

University

Forestadent, Phorzheim, Germany

6/8

1.6

Mn first and second molars (14/54)

Saxena [82]

pCS

University

Custom made SK surgical

8

1.3

Mx lateral and canine (2/20)

Senisik [83]

RCT

University

Absoanchor; Dentos, Daegu, South Korea

5

1.3

Mx lateral and canine (3/30)

Sharma [84]

RCT

University

Denticon OMI

8

1.2

Mx first molar and second premolar (1/30)

Shigeeda [85]

pCS

University

ISA Orthodontic Mini-implants;

Biodent, Tokyo, Japan

8

1.6

-Mx first molar and second premolar (3/79)

-Mn first molar and second premolar (5/86)

Son [86]

RCT

University

ISA Orthodontic Biodent, Tokyo, Japan

8

1.6

-Mx first molar and second premolar (6/140)

-Right side (5/70); Left side (1/70)

Suzuki [87]

pCS

University

-Sistema Nacional de Implantes, Sao Paulo, Brazil

-ACR Mini-Implant, BioMaterials Korea, Guro-gu, Seoul, Korea

6/8

1.5

-Midpalatal (0/57)

-Mixed insertion sites (19/223)

Suzuki [88]

RCT

University

AbsoAnchor; Dentos, Daegu, Korea

5/6/7

1.3

-Mx first molar and second premolar (8/122)

-Mn first molar and second premolar (19/64)

-Right side (16/93); Left side (11/93)

Toklu [89]

RCT

University

Total Anchor; Trimed, Ankara, Turkey

9

1.8

Paramedian (2/26)

Tuncer [90]

RCT

University

Absoanchor; Dentos, Daegu, Korea

7

1.4/1.5

-Mx first molar and second premolar (7/60)

Turkoz [91]

RCT

University

Absoanchor; Dentos, Daegu, Korea

7

1.4

Mx first molar and second premolar (25/112)

Upadhyay [92]

pCCT

University

Custom made OMI

8

1.3

Mx first molar and second premolar (4/30)

Upadhyay [93]

pCS

University

NA

8

1.3

Mx first molar and second premolar (2/46)

Viwattanatipa [94]

pCS

University

Osteomed, Dallas, Tex

8/10/12

1.2

-Mx first molar and second premolar (7/44)

-Zygomatic buttress (25/53)

Von Bremen [95]

pCCT

Private

OrthoEasy®, Forestadent, Germany

8

1.8

-Mn first molar and second premolar (10/34)

-Right side (5/17); Left side (5/17)

Watanabe [96]

pCS

University

Absoanchor Dentos Inc., Taegu, Korea

5/6/8

1.4

-Mx first molar and second premolar (11/132)

-Mn first molar and second premolar (17/58)

Watanabe [97]

pCS

University

Dual-top Auto Screw III; Jeil Medical, Seoul, Korea

6

1.4

-Mx first molar and second premolar (11/50)

-Parapalatal (6/70)