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Table 3 Linear regressions with simplified plaque index or gingival index (both square root transformed) as dependent variable

From: Salivary levels of cariogenic bacterial species during orthodontic treatment with thermoplastic aligners or fixed appliances: a prospective cohort study

   

Crude model

Adjusted model

Outcome

Factor

Group

b (95% CI)

P

b (95% CI)

P

s-PlI*

Appliance

Brackets

Referent

 

Referent

 

Aligners

− 1.11 (− 1.73 to − 0.48)

0.001

− 1.05 (− 1.55 to − 0.55)

< 0.001

Age (per year)

 

NT

 

− 0.09 (− 0.23 to 0.06)

0.25

Gender

Female

NT

 

Referent

 

Male

  

0.56 (0.01 to 1.11)

0.05

Time

T0

Referent

 

Referent

 

T1

− 0.59 (− 1.14 to − 0.05)

0.03

− 0.59 (− 1.14 to − 0.05)

0.03

T2

0.04 (− 0.65 to 0.72)

0.92

0.04 (− 0.65 to 0.72)

0.92

s-PlI at T0

 

NT

 

0.35 (0.12 to 0.58)

0.003

s-GI

Appliance

Brackets

Referent

 

Referent

 

Aligners

− 1.23 (− 2.01 to − 0.45)

0.002

− 1.16 (− 1.89 to − 0.43)

0.002

Age (per year)

 

NT

 

NT

 

Gender

Female

Referent

 

Referent

 

Male

NT

 

NT

 

Time

T0

Referent

 

Referent

 

T1

− 0.09 (− 0.59 to 0.41)

0.72

− 0.09 (− 0.59 to 0.41)

0.72

T2

0.36 (− 0.36 to 1.07)

0.33

0.36 (− 0.36 to 1.07)

0.33

s-PlI at T0

 

NT

 

0.34 (0.04 to 0.64)

0.02

  1. *The following confounders had P ≤ 0.20 in initial separate models and were added in the adjusted model: age, gender, and s-PlI at T0. No significant interaction was found for time with appliance type (P = 0.08)
  2. The following confounder had P ≤ 0.20 in initial separate models and was added in the adjusted model: s-PlI at T0 (age and gender had P > 0.20 and were not added). No significant interaction was found for time with appliance type (P = 0.37)
  3. b unstandardized regression coefficient, CI confidence interval, NT not tested, s-GI simplified gingival index, s-PlI simplified plaque index