Table 4 Quality assessment of the included prospective and retrospective studies
From: Clinical effectiveness of Invisalign® orthodontic treatment: a systematic review
Author-year of publication | Study design and defined control group | Adequately defined patient material | Defined diagnosis and end points | Diagnostic reliability and reproducibility tests | Blinded outcome assessment | Overall risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solano-Mendoza et al. [21] (2016) | + (prospective) | + | + | + | − | Moderate |
Buschang et al. [26] (2015) | + (prospective) | + | + | + | − | Moderate |
Castroflorio et al. [22] (2013) | + (prospective) | − | − | − | − | High |
Pavoni et al. [23] (2011) | + (prospective) | + | + | + | − | Moderate |
Kravitz et al. [5] (2009) | + (prospective) | + | + | − | − | High |
Kravitz et al. [24] (2008) | + (prospective) | + | + | − | − | High |
Baldwin et al. [27] (2008) | - (prospective, uncontrolled) | + | − | + | + | High |
Vlaskalic and Boyd [25] (2002) | + (prospective) | + | − | − | − | High |
Gu et al. [28] (2017) | + (retrospective) | + | + | + | + | Moderate |
Khosravi et al. [29] (2017) | + (retrospective) | + | + | + | − | Moderate |
Houle et al. [30] (2016) | + (retrospective) | + | + | + | − | Moderate |
Ravera et al. [31] (2016) | + (retrospective) | + | + | + | + | Moderate |
Duncan et al. [32] (2015) | + (retrospective) | + | + | + | − | Moderate |
Grünheid et al. [33] (2015) | + (retrospective) | + | + | + | + | Moderate |
Simon et al. [34] (2014) | + (retrospective) | + | + | − | − | High |
Krieger et al. [35] (2012) | + (retrospective) | + | + | + | − | Moderate |
Krieger et al. [36] (2011) | + (retrospective) | + | + | + | − | Moderate |
Kuncio et al. [37] (2007) | + (retrospective) | + | + | + | + | Moderate |
Djeu et al. [38] (2005) | + (retrospective) | + | + | + | − | Moderate |