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Table 5 Post-hoc tests for Ra (average roughness)

From: Comparative evaluation of enamel surface roughness after debonding using four finishing and polishing systems for residual resin removal—an in vitro study

Dependent variable

Comparison group

Compared with

Mean difference (unit-μm)

Std. error

p value

Baseline Ra

Group 1

Group 2

− 0.09

0.11

0.857

Group 3

0.04

0.11

0.983

Group 4

0.02

0.11

0.997

Group 2

Group 3

0.13

0.11

0.654

Group 4

0.11

0.11

0.756

Group 3

Group 4

− 0.02

0.11

0.998

Post polishing Ra

Group 1

Group 2

0.19

0.16

0.627

Group 3

1.37*

0.16

< 0.001

Group 4

− 1.25*

0.16

< 0.001

Group 2

Group 3

1.17*

0.16

< 0.001

Group 4

− 1.45*

0.16

< 0.001

Group 3

Group 4

− 2.63*

0.16

< 0.001

Difference Ra

Group 1

Group 2

0.28

0.18

0.417

Group 3

1.33*

0.18

< 0.001

Group 4

− 1.28*

0.18

< 0.001

Group 2

Group 3

1.04*

0.18

< 0.001

Group 4

− 1.56*

0.18

< 0.001

Group 3

Group 4

− 2.61*

0.18

< 0.001

  1. Ra average roughness, μm micrometer, p value probability value, *statistical significance