Table 2 Description of 3D soft tissue landmarks in the study
Landmarks | Definition |
|---|---|
Exocanthion (Ex) | The outer corner of the eye fissure where the eyelids meet |
Endocanthion (En) | The inner corner of the eye fissure where the eyelids meet |
Nasal ala (Al dev/ctl) | The most lateral point on each alar contour on deviated side/contralateral side |
Pronasale (Pn) | The most protruded point of the apex nasi |
Subnasale (Sn) | The midpoint of the angle at the columella base where the lower border of the nasal septum and the surface of the upper lip met |
A’ point (A’) | The deepest point in the soft tissue contour of the upper lip |
Labrale superius (Ls) | The midpoint of the upper vermilion line |
Stomion superius (Stms) | The lowest point of upper lip vermilion |
Cheilion (Ch dev/ctl) | The point located at each labial commissure on deviated side/contralateral side |
Stomion inferius (Stmi) | The highest point of lower lip vermilion |
Labrale inferius (Li) | The midpoint of the lower vermilion line |
B’ point (B’) | The most deepest point from lateral view, on the facial midline, between the lower lip and chin |
Pogonion’ (Pog’) | The most anterior midpoint of chin |
Menton’ (Me’) | The lowest median landmark on the lower border of the mandible |
Zygomatic point (Zy dev/ctl) | The point where a vertical line from exocanthion and a horizontal line from nasal ala meet on deviated side/contralateral side |
Cheek point (Ck dev/ctl) | The point where a vertical line from exocanthion and a horizontal line from cheilion meet on deviated side/contralateral side |