What effect does functional appliance treatment have on the temporomandibular joint? A systematic review with meta-analysis

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 3 Risk of bias of the included non-randomized clinical trials with the ROBINS-I tool

	Bias due to confounding	Bias in selection of participants into the study	Bias in classification of interventions	Bias due to deviations from intended interventions	Bias due to missing data	Bias in measurement of outcomes	Bias in selection of the reported result	Overall bias
Arat et al. [38]	Serious	No information	Low	No information	Low	Moderate	Low	Serious
Chavan et al. [42]	Serious	Low	Low	No information	Low	Moderate	Low	Serious
Chintakanon and Chintakanon et al. [43, 44]	Serious	Low	Low	Moderate	Low	Moderate	Low	Serious
Croft 1999 [45]	Critical	Serious	Low	Serious	Low	Moderate	Low	Critical
Elfeky et al. [46]	Moderate	Serious	Low	No information	Moderate	Moderate	Low	Serious