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Table 2 Comparison of the differences in irregularity index between and within the groups

From: A comparative assessment of clinical efficiency between premium heat-activated copper nickel-titanium and superelastic nickel-titanium archwires during initial orthodontic alignment in adolescents: a randomized clinical trial

Little (mm)

Group 1

(heat-activated Cu-NiTi)

 

Group 2

(superelastic NiTi)

Time × group

Mean Diff. ± SE

95% CI

pa

Mean Diff. ± SE

95% CI

pa

Lower limit

Upper limit

Lower limit

Upper limit

Mean square

F

pb

Estimated effect size

T0-T1

− 5.14 ± 0.46

− 6.55

− 3.72

< 0.001

− 4.53 ± 0.47

− 5.98

− 3.08

< 0.001

2.028

0.538

0.581

0.011

T1-T2

− 2.26 ± 0.27

− 3.09

− 1.42

< 0.001

− 2.27 ± 0.34

− 3.32

− 1.23

< 0.001

T2-T3

− 1.23 ± 0.17

− 1.74

− 0.71

< 0.001

− 1.42 ± 0.16

− 1.91

− 0.92

< 0.001

T3-T4

− 0.70 ± 0.11

− 1.03

− 0.36

< 0.001

− 1.01 ± 0.14

− 1.44

− 0.59

< 0.001

T0-T2

− 7.40 ± 0.50

− 8.94

− 5.85

< 0.001

− 6.80 ± 0.55

− 8.49

− 5.12

< 0.001

T2-T4

− 1.93 ± 0.21

− 2.56

− 1.29

< 0.001

− 2.43 ± 0.24

− 3.18

− 1.68

< 0.001

T0-T4

− 9.32 ± 0.50

− 10.85

− 7.79

< 0.001

− 9.23 ± 0.55

− 10.92

− 7.54

< 0.001

  1. Repeated measure ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used to compare changes occurred with time
  2. To evaluate the intergroup differences, Greenhouse-Geisser results were used, as the Sphericity was not assumed
  3. CI, confidence interval; SE, standard error; Est., estimate
  4. Significant at p < 0.05
  5. pa, p value for the changes within the groups
  6. pb, p value for the changes between the groups