Progress in Orthodontics

Table 3 Comparison of intercanine and intermolar changes between and within the groups

From: A comparative assessment of clinical efficiency between premium heat-activated copper nickel-titanium and superelastic nickel-titanium archwires during initial orthodontic alignment in adolescents: a randomized clinical trial

	Group 1 (heat-activated Cu-NiTi)				Group 2 (superelastic NiTi)				Time × group
	Mean Diff. ± SE	95% CI		p^a	Mean Diff. ± SE	95% CI		p^a	Mean square	F	p^b	Estimated effect size
	Mean Diff. ± SE	Lower limit	Upper limit	p^a	Mean Diff. ± SE	Lower limit	Upper limit	p^a	Mean square	F	p^b	Estimated effect size
(3-3) Intercanine width (mm)
T0-T1	0.89 ± 0.12	0.51	1.27	< 0.001	0.66 ± 0.15	0.21	1.11	0.001	1.178	1.909	0.158	0.038
T1-T2	0.47 ± 0.12	0.10	0.84	0.007	0.25 ± 0.09	0.02	0.53	0.082
T2-T3	0.26 ± 0.07	0.05	0.46	0.007	0.23 ± 0.07	0.01	0.45	0.044
T3-T4	0.30 ± 0.10	− 0.01	0.61	0.071	0.29 ± 0.09	0.01	0.58	0.040
T0-T2	1.36 ± 0.19	0.77	1.94	< 0.001	0.91 ± 0.20	0.31	1.52	0.001
T2-T4	0.56 ± 0.11	0.21	0.90	< 0.001	0.52 ± 0.11	0.18	0.87	0.001
T0-T4	1.91 ± 0.19	1.32	2.51	< 0.001	1.44 ± 0.23	0.72	2.15	< 0.001
(6-6) Intermolar width (mm)
T0-T1	0.57 ± 0.12	0.21	0.94	0.001	0.51 ± 0.14	0.09	0.92	0.010	0.110	0.482	0.658	0.010
T1-T2	0.28 ± 0.06	0.11	0.46	0.001	0.22 ± 0.05	0.06	0.39	0.004
T2-T3	0.23 ± 0.08	− 0.02	0.48	0.093	0.24 ± 0.05	0.07	0.40	0.002
T3-T4	0.25 ± 0.08	0	0.49	0.054	0.17 ± 0.05	0	0.34	0.048
T0-T2	0.86 ± 0.11	0.51	1.21	< 0.001	0.73 ± 0.14	0.30	1.16	< 0.001
T2-T4	0.48 ± 0.11	0.15	0.80	0.002	0.41 ± 0.08	0.17	0.65	< 0.001
T0-T4	1.33 ± 0.14	0.89	1.77	< 0.001	1.13 ± 0.14	0.69	1.57	< 0.001

Repeated measure ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used to compare changes occurred with time
To evaluate the intergroup differences, Greenhouse-Geisser results were used as the Sphericity was not assumed
CI, confidence interval; SE, standard error; Est., estimate
Significant at p < 0.05
p^a, p value for the changes within the groups
p^b, p value for the changes between the groups

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