Progress in Orthodontics

Table 3 Linear and angular treatment change measurements for each component

From: Differential assessment of skeletal, alveolar, and dental components induced by microimplant-supported midfacial skeletal expander (MSE), utilizing novel angular measurements from the fulcrum

				Skeletal expansion	Alveolar bone bending	Dental tipping
	Right linear measurements
Unit	Δa	Δb	Δc	Δa	Δb—Δa	Δc—Δb
mm	2.31	2.93	3.84	2.31	0.62	0.91
%				60.16	16.15	23.69
	Right angular measurements
	Δa	Δb	Δc	Δa	Δb—Δa	Δc—Δb
°	2.82	2.83	2.92	2.82	0.01	0.09
%				96.58	0.34	3.08
	Left linear measurements
	Δa	Δb	Δc	Δa	Δb—Δa	Δc—Δb
mm	2.37	3.06	4.17	2.37	0.69	1.11
%				56.83	16.55	26.62
	Left angular measurements
	Δa	Δb	Δc	Δa	Δb—Δa	Δc—Δb
°	2.93	2.94	3.07	2.93	0.01	0.13
%				95.44	0.33	4.23

Δa skeletal expansion, Δb skeletal expansion + alveolar bone bending, Δc skeletal expansion + alveolar bone bending + dental tipping

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