Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the current systematic review

Scheffler et al/2014 [18]

Private practice. Boone, NC

30/24.1 (± 10.7) years

Lateral cephalometric analysis

Intrusion period, 3.6–9.6 months

Total treatment period, 6–33 months

Overbite, Go-Gn/Sn, LAFH, U6-pp, L6-GoGn. U1-PP. L1-MP

Pre and post treatment: miniplate, mini-implants and acrylic plate

L-shaped miniplate in the upper-back region

Multivariate regression

Counterclockwise rotation: decrease of Go-Gn/Sn. After the 1st and 2nd year of treatment: there were changes/150 g per side

Decreased LAFH (1 mm) after 1 and 2 years of follow-up.

Lower molar extrusion, elongation of lower and upper incisors.

Fifteen and 22% of patients: recurrence after 1 and 2 years of follow-up

Posterior and upper intrusion may be satisfactory in moderately severe cases, but relapse (0.5 to 1.5 mm) is likely to occur.

Baek et al./2010 [15]

Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital of Yonsei, Korea

9/ 23.7 years

Lateral cephalometric analysis

Treatment period 28.8 months. Mini-implants 5.4 months. Retention 41 months

Overbite,SN-Go Me, AFH,U6-PP, L1-MP, U1-PP,

Exodontia of premolars. Molar intrusion: mini-implants + elastomeric chain + rigid transpalatal arch

Shapiro-Wilk;THE NEW; Pearson’s correlation

Counterclockwise rotation: anterior facial height decreased by 2.53 mm/NR

Decreased AFH (2.53 mm), stable profile after 1 year of treatment.

22.88% of the vertical distance between maxillary molars and palatal plane and 17% of overbite after 3 years of treatment.

If an appropriate retention method is applied during the 1st year of treatment, posttreatment stability is guaranteed.

Sugawara et al./2002 [14]

Department of Orthodontics Tohoku University, Japan

9 / 21.1 years

Lateral cephalometric analysis. Panoramic RX. Dental analysis

14.9 months/12 months

Overbite, MP/FH, LAFH, U6-PP, L6-MP. L1-MP, U1-PP

L-shaped Miniplate (SAS) in the lower molars. Orthodontic micro screws + force application with elastic modules

Paired t test

Counterclockwise rotation: FH/MP decreased by 1.3°/FH/MP increased by 0.4° after 1 year of follow-up/NR

Decreased ALFH and lip opening. Anteroposterior mandibular relationship better. Stable profile after 1 year of follow-up

27.2% of relapse in the first molars and 30.3% in second molars

SAS is effective for the treatment of open bite. Overcorrection is required

Deguchi et al./2011 [19]

Tohoku University, Japan

30/24.3 (± 5.9)

Lateral cephalometric analysis

Treatment time:3 years and 2 years of follow-up

Overbite, MP/SN, U6-PP, L6-MP, LAFH. L1-MP,U1-PP

Miniimplants: exo of anterior premolars and elastics, sharp curve arches or edgewise multiloop technique. Sectional steel bows of 0.016 × 0.022. Extraoral arch of high pull

Mann Whitney, Wilcoxon

Counterclockwise rotation: 3° of increase of mandibular plane angle and 3 mm of increase in the vertical length of N-Me./NR

Significant difference between T1 and T2 in the labial protrusion,decreased in facial convexitybut group IA had the greatest change.

22% of superior molar relapse and 13% overbite after 2 years in the intervention group (AI)

The group with mini-implants presented greater relapse

Marzouk et al./2015 [20]

Department of Orthodontics, Alexandria University, Egypt

26/ 22.5 years

Lateral cephalometric analysis

Intrusion period, 5–10 (months)

Treatment period, 24–28 (months)

Overbite, N-S-Gn, U6-pp, L6-MP,L1-MP, U1-PP

Miniplate and upper modified Hawley plate. Titanium miniplate fixed with three screws and double transpalatal bar

test; intraclass correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation

Counterclockwise rotation: overbite correction / 450 g per side

N-Me decreased 3.64 mm after 4 years of treatment. Decreased facial convexity of 2.36° and stability after 4 years.

Relapse of 10.20% in the upper molars in the 1st year after treatment and 13.37% 4 years after treatment.

Molar intrusion with zygomatic miniplates appears to be stable 4 years after treatment.

Lee et al/2008 [21]

Department of Orthodontics, Yonsei University, Korea

11/ 23.3 years

Lateral cephalometric analysis

Treatment period 5.4 (months)

Average maintenance period 17.4 months

MeGo/SN, Overbite, AFH, U6-PP, L1-MP, U1-PP

Mini-implants + elastomeric chain, transpalatal bar for molar intrusion

Descriptive statistics, paired t test, and Pearson’s correlation

Counterclockwise rotation, anterior facial decrease. Increased facial height of 0.18° after 17.4 months/NR

AFH decrease, mov. of Pogônio 2.17 mm. AFH increase after 17, 4 months in contention period

10.36% relapse for molar intrusion. 18.10% for overbite after 17.4 months

Upper molar intrusion with mini screws in adults is efficient for open bite correction with good stability.