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Table 1 Cephalometric measurements (8) abbreviations and definitions used in the study. Four linear and 4 angular measurements

From: One versus two anterior miniscrews for correcting upper incisor overbite and angulation: a retrospective comparative study

Cephalometric

measurement

Abbreviation

Definition

1

Mandibular plane angle (°)

(Steiner)

MP

Angular measurement. Angle formed by the intersection of Mandibular plane (Go-Gn) and SN.

Norm 32° ± 4°

2

Overbite (mm)

OB

Linear measurement. Distance in millimeters between upper and lower incisal edges perpendicular to the occlusal plane.

Norm 2 mm

3

Lower incisor inclination (°)

(Tweed)

IMPA

Angular measurement. Angle formed by the intersection of lower incisor (L1) and mandibular plane (Me-Go).

Norm 90° ± 2.5°

4

Upper incisor inclination (°)

(Burstone)

U1-PP

Angular measurement. Angle formed by the intersection of upper incisor (U1) and palatine plane (ANS-PNS).

Norm 112°–117°

5

Upper Incisor

Length (mm)

U1L

Linear measurement. Distance in millimeters between the upper incisor incisal edge and root apex.

No norm

6

Upper incisor position 1 (mm)

CR-SN

Linear measurement. Perpendicular distance in millimeters between the upper incisor center of resistance and SN.

No norm

7

Upper incisor position 2 (mm)

IE-SN

Linear measurement. Perpendicular distance in millimeters between the upper incisal edge and SN.

No norm

8

Interincisal angle (°)

U1-L1

Angular measurement. Angle formed by the intersection of upper incisor (U1) and lower incisor (L1).

Norm 130°