Table 4 Summary of risk of bias assessment for non-randomized studies-ROBINS-1 tool
Domain | Yamasaki et al. [27] | Spielmann et al. [25] | Patil et al. [40] | Ciur et al. [41] | Nemtoi et el [30]. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bias due to confounding | Serious | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
Bias in selection of participants for the study | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
Bias in classification of interventions | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Bias in measurement of outcomes | Serious | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
Bias in selection of the reported result | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Overall | Serious | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |