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Table 2 Comparison of the cephalometric measurements between conventional and artificial intelligence methods

From: Comparison of cephalometric measurements between conventional and automatic cephalometric analysis using convolutional neural network

 

Conventional

AI

Difference

Significance (p value)

 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Skeletal measurement

       

 Saddle angle (°)

124.6

5.0

123.4

4.7

1.2

2.0

0.002a

 Articular angle (°)

149.3

6.1

149.9

5.3

−0.6

3.5

0.316

 Gonion angle (°)

121.4

5.8

121.9

7.6

−0.5

4.1

0.482

 Sum

395.3

6.3

395.2

6.4

0.1

2.7

0.894

 Ant. cranial base (mm)

69.5

3.7

68.4

4.5

1.1

2.9

0.228

 Post. cranial base (mm)

38.6

4.6

37.1

5.4

1.4

3.6

0.119

 Ramus height (mm)

50.4

6.4

49.8

6.7

0.7

3.4

0.257

 SNA (°)

80.7

3.8

81.2

3.8

−0.5

1.8

0.114

 SNB (°)

77.6

4.5

78.0

4.8

−0.4

1.5

0.143

 ANB (°)

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.3

−0.1

1.4

0.618

 Facial angle (Down’s)

87.2

3.2

88.0

3.8

−0.8

1.9

0.071

 Post.FH/Ant.FH

66.2

5.1

66.1

4.8

0.2

2.5

0.661

 Mn. plane angle (°)

35.3

6.3

35.6

6.2

−0.3

2.8

0.511

 FMA (°)

26.3

5.7

25.7

6.0

0.6

2.8

0.198

 Palatal plane angle (°)

24.6

5.9

24.9

5.7

−0.3

1.7

0.513

Dental measurement

       

 Wits appraisal

−1.3

7.2

−2.5

4.7

1.2

6.7

0.305

 FMIA (°)

58.9

8.5

60.0

8.5

−1.1

4.4

0.138

 IMPA (°)

95.0

8.3

93.9

7.4

1.1

3.9

0.111

 Mx 1 to SN (°)

107.0

11.0

107.6

8.8

−0.6

5.1

0.523

 Interincisal angle (°)

122.9

14.8

122.9

11.8

0.1

6.5

0.988

 Mx1 to NA (°)

26.3

9.6

26.4

7.2

−0.1

4.6

0.910

 Mx1 to NA (mm)

7.5

3.6

5.6

2.6

1.8

2.3

0.001a

 Mn1 to NB (°)

27.7

7.4

27.6

6.9

0.1

3.6

0.922

 Mn1 to NB (mm)

8.3

3.3

6.1

2.8

2.1

1.4

0.000a

Soft tissue measurement

       

 Esthetic line to upper lip (mm)

0.6

3.2

0.6

2.9

0.0

1.1

0.899

 Esthetic line to lower lip (mm)

1.6

3.4

1.7

3.1

0.0

1.5

0.884

  1. SD Standard deviation
  2. aThe results of paired t test