From: Sexual dimorphism in the long-term stability (10 years) of skeletal Class III treatment
Cephalometric measures | T0 | T1 | T2 | T0 | T1 | T2 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EG | CG | EG | CG | EG | CG | EG vs. CG | |||||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | (t test) | |||
Cranial base | |||||||||||||||
Cranial flexure (°) | 28.01 | 2.36 | 28.20 | 1.82 | 28.63 | 2.23 | 28.93 | 1.95 | 28.99 | 2.00 | 29.50 | 1.69 | NS | NS | NS |
Po localization (mm) | − 40.80 | 2.40 | − 41.18 | 2.47 | − 41.60 | 3.11 | − 42.05 | 2.39 | − 41.04 | 3.59 | − 42.16 | 2.47 | NS | NS | NS |
Anterior cranial base (mm) | 66.04 | 3.69 | 68.40 | 2.41 | 69.97 | 3.48 | 70.57 | 2.58 | 72.06 | 3.81 | 72.12 | 2.79 | * | NS | NS |
Posterior cranial base (mm) | 29.60 | 2.27 | 31.60 | 2.43 | 33.34 | 2.94 | 33.10 | 2.28 | 33.54 | 3.41 | 33.76 | 2.14 | * | NS | NS |
Maxillary skeletal | |||||||||||||||
Co-point A (mm) | 77.89 | 4.27 | 80.82 | 3.38 | 84.83 | 5.06 | 83.92 | 3.77 | 88.10 | 3.63 | 87.09 | 4.72 | * | NS | NS |
SNA (°) | 79.87 | 2.77 | 78.60 | 3.40 | 80.28 | 2.82 | 77.85 | 3.90 | 80.74 | 3.52 | 78.18 | 4.07 | NS | NS | NS |
Point A-Nasion perp (mm) | − 0.23 | 3.33 | − 0.41 | 2.31 | 0.35 | 3.32 | − 0.64 | 3.97 | 1.21 | 3.71 | 0.61 | 3.06 | NS | NS | NS |
Maxillary depth (°) | 89.77 | 3.77 | 89.57 | 2.33 | 90.37 | 3.40 | 89.35 | 3.86 | 91.20 | 3.56 | 90.59 | 2.97 | NS | NS | NS |
Mandibular skeletal | |||||||||||||||
Co-Gn (mm) | 106.18 | 5.41 | 108.06 | 7.07 | 118.11 | 4.83 | 114.44 | 4.81 | 124.60 | 6.33 | 119.88 | 5.69 | NS | * | * |
SNB (°) | 79.98 | 2.46 | 76.53 | 3.31 | 79.99 | 3.01 | 76.64 | 3.67 | 80.40 | 3.80 | 76.80 | 4.33 | ** | * | * |
Pg-Nasion perp (mm) | 0.66 | 4.51 | − 2.90 | 5.22 | 1.92 | 6.35 | − 1.40 | 6.71 | 4.57 | 6.66 | 1.96 | 6.28 | NS | NS | NS |
Maxillary/mandibular | |||||||||||||||
Wits appraisal (mm) | − 7.51 | 2.70 | 0.18 | 2.00 | − 4.34 | 2.20 | − 0.56 | 1.59 | − 4.80 | 2.89 | − 0.40 | 1.98 | *** | *** | *** |
ANB (°) | − 0.21 | 2.10 | 2.06 | 1.06 | 0.51 | 2.21 | 1.20 | 1.44 | 0.33 | 3.05 | 1.44 | 1.36 | ** | NS | NS |
Maxillary/mandibular difference (mm) | 28.26 | 3.81 | 26.88 | 5.06 | 33.28 | 4.08 | 30.50 | 3.65 | 36.50 | 6.08 | 32.77 | 3.45 | NS | NS | NS |
Vertical skeletal | |||||||||||||||
FH-occlusal plane (°) | 10.34 | 2.97 | 6.97 | 3.13 | 6.19 | 3.37 | 5.35 | 3.76 | 4.97 | 4.20 | 2.97 | 3.53 | ** | NS | NS |
SN-palatal plane (°) | 8.32 | 2.36 | 7.38 | 2.67 | 7.86 | 3.00 | 8.87 | 3.75 | 8.31 | 2.85 | 8.06 | 2.30 | NS | NS | NS |
MPA (°) | 27.12 | 4.53 | 25.16 | 4.23 | 26.33 | 5.83 | 24.60 | 4.88 | 24.86 | 5.49 | 22.66 | 5.53 | NS | NS | NS |
Nasion-Me (mm) | 107.94 | 7.17 | 112.14 | 8.00 | 120.90 | 5.84 | 118.66 | 5.33 | 125.14 | 7.02 | 122.23 | 5.91 | NS | NS | NS |
S-Go (mm) | 65.72 | 3.45 | 70.26 | 6.37 | 75.45 | 4.27 | 74.82 | 5.05 | 79.37 | 6.40 | 78.42 | 4.58 | * | NS | NS |
ANS-Me (mm) | 61.07 | 4.63 | 64.57 | 5.24 | 68.43 | 5.36 | 67.94 | 4.81 | 71.60 | 6.59 | 69.84 | 5.31 | NS | NS | NS |
Gonial angle (°) | 130.54 | 6.75 | 124.58 | 4.49 | 125.86 | 8.01 | 122.64 | 4.64 | 124.87 | 6.12 | 121.44 | 5.48 | ** | NS | NS |
Facial pattern | |||||||||||||||
S-Go/Nasion-Me (%) | 61.10 | 4.55 | 62.68 | 4.18 | 62.58 | 5.30 | 63.55 | 4.58 | 64.04 | 4.69 | 64.32 | 5.09 | NS | NS | NS |
Facial axis (°) | 91.66 | 3.90 | 89.74 | 3.76 | 90.33 | 5.42 | 89.28 | 4.12 | 91.21 | 5.48 | 90.34 | 4.61 | NS | NS | NS |
Interdental | |||||||||||||||
Overjet (mm) | − 1.31 | 2.30 | 4.04 | 0.94 | 2.76 | 0.71 | 2.90 | 0.93 | 2.08 | 1.02 | 3.10 | 0.70 | *** | NS | ** |
Overbite (mm) | 0.28 | 1.52 | 2.34 | 2.06 | 1.48 | 0.74 | 1.48 | 0.78 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 2.23 | 1.12 | ** | NS | * |
Interincisal angle (°) | 141.39 | 14.33 | 133.86 | 9.44 | 130.78 | 6.19 | 126.96 | 8.25 | 131.44 | 8.56 | 127.77 | 9.37 | NS | NS | NS |
Molar relationship (mm) | − 4.26 | 2.16 | − 0.67 | 1.21 | − 2.01 | 1.12 | − 1.74 | 0.74 | − 2.56 | 1.32 | − 1.76 | 0.82 | *** | NS | NS |
Dentoalveolar | |||||||||||||||
U1 to point A to Nasion perp (mm) | 3.50 | 2.04 | 5.40 | 2.05 | 6.60 | 1.58 | 6.02 | 2.35 | 7.48 | 2.30 | 7.16 | 2.03 | * | NS | NS |
U1 to FH (°) | 102.26 | 26.49 | 113.80 | 6.51 | 119.05 | 5.43 | 117.46 | 8.47 | 118.56 | 6.79 | 118.27 | 8.88 | NS | NS | NS |
L1 to A-Pg | 3.01 | 1.74 | 1.29 | 2.53 | 3.02 | 1.98 | 2.94 | 1.84 | 3.55 | 2.62 | 3.07 | 2.21 | * | NS | NS |
L1 to MPA (°) | 82.54 | 6.64 | 87.85 | 5.43 | 83.86 | 6.44 | 91.01 | 6.04 | 85.13 | 7.31 | 92.16 | 4.23 | * | ** | ** |
Soft tissue realtionship | |||||||||||||||
Lower lip to E plane (mm) | − 0.64 | 2.04 | − 0.40 | 1.76 | − 1.50 | 2.49 | − 1.24 | 2.29 | − 2.44 | 3.21 | − 2.70 | 2.78 | NS | NS | NS |
Upper lip to E plane (mm) | − 4.08 | 2.26 | − 2.42 | 1.92 | − 4.26 | 2.32 | − 3.86 | 1.96 | − 5.83 | 2.94 | − 5.72 | 1.81 | * | NS | NS |
Nasiolabial angle (°) | 102.43 | 6.25 | 103.13 | 6.45 | 99.40 | 4.99 | 102.43 | 9.02 | 100.16 | 6.49 | 102.26 | 6.71 | NS | NS | NS |