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Table 2 Stress pattern along the craniofacial sutures in maxillary protraction without maxillary expansion (Simulation A) and with expansion (Simulation B) when 250-g force was applied

From: Biomechanical effects of Skeletally anchored Class III elastics on the maxillofacial complex: a 3D finite element analysis

 

Angle of force 10° to occlusion

Angle of force 20° to occlusion

Angle of force 30° to occlusion

SEQV

SEQV

SEQV

Simulation A

  

  Sphenozygomatic suture (SZ)

0.022

0.022

0.022

  Zygomaticomaxillary suture (ZM)

0.037

0.039

0.039

  Pterygomaxillary suture (PM)

0.018

0.016

0.015

  Zygomaticotemporal suture (ZT)

0.044

0.042

0.039

  Zygomaticofrontal suture (ZF)

0.008

0.011

0.013

  Frontonasal suture (FN)

0.013

0.007

0.003

  Frontomaxillary suture (FM)

0.017

0.010

0.004

  Nasomaxillary suture (NM)

0.013

0.008

0.003

  Internasal suture (IN)

0.007

0.005

0.002

Simulation B

  Sphenozygomatic suture (SZ)

0.158

0.109

0.284

  Zygomaticomaxillary suture (ZM)

0.949

0.759

0.664

  Pterygomaxillary suture (PM)

1.768

1.415

1.238

  Zygomaticotemporal suture (ZT)

0.642

0.513

0.449

  Zygomaticofrontal suture (ZF)

0.434

0.347

0.304

  Frontonasal suture (FN)

0.379

0.303

0.265

  Frontomaxillary suture (FM)

0.406

0.325

0.284

  Nasomaxillary suture (NM)

0.432

0.346

0.302

  Internasal suture (IN)

0.436

0.349

0.305