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Progress in Orthodontics

Table 2 Stress pattern along the craniofacial sutures in maxillary protraction without maxillary expansion (Simulation A) and with expansion (Simulation B) when 250-g force was applied

From: Biomechanical effects of Skeletally anchored Class III elastics on the maxillofacial complex: a 3D finite element analysis

  Angle of force 10° to occlusion Angle of force 20° to occlusion Angle of force 30° to occlusion
SEQV SEQV SEQV
Simulation A   
  Sphenozygomatic suture (SZ) 0.022 0.022 0.022
  Zygomaticomaxillary suture (ZM) 0.037 0.039 0.039
  Pterygomaxillary suture (PM) 0.018 0.016 0.015
  Zygomaticotemporal suture (ZT) 0.044 0.042 0.039
  Zygomaticofrontal suture (ZF) 0.008 0.011 0.013
  Frontonasal suture (FN) 0.013 0.007 0.003
  Frontomaxillary suture (FM) 0.017 0.010 0.004
  Nasomaxillary suture (NM) 0.013 0.008 0.003
  Internasal suture (IN) 0.007 0.005 0.002
Simulation B
  Sphenozygomatic suture (SZ) 0.158 0.109 0.284
  Zygomaticomaxillary suture (ZM) 0.949 0.759 0.664
  Pterygomaxillary suture (PM) 1.768 1.415 1.238
  Zygomaticotemporal suture (ZT) 0.642 0.513 0.449
  Zygomaticofrontal suture (ZF) 0.434 0.347 0.304
  Frontonasal suture (FN) 0.379 0.303 0.265
  Frontomaxillary suture (FM) 0.406 0.325 0.284
  Nasomaxillary suture (NM) 0.432 0.346 0.302
  Internasal suture (IN) 0.436 0.349 0.305
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