Clinical effects with customized brackets and CAD/CAM technology: a prospective controlled study

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of U1-NL and L1-ML values before and after the treatment for both groups, group 1 (individualized CAD/CAM system) and group 2 (conventional self-ligating system)

Measurement	Group	Before treatment (Median [range])	After treatment (Median [range])	P values Wilcoxon test (effect size)	Absolute difference (Median [range])	p Values U test (effect size)
U1-NL (°)	Group 1	111.4 [98.0; 126.6]	115.2 [101.6; 125.2]	0.008^a (0.654)	3.2 [0.7; 10.8]	0.206^b (0.085)
U1-NL (°)	Group 2	114.5 [97.3; 129.3]	114.7 [98.8; 127.2]	0.191^a (0.654)	5.5 [0.3; 16.5]	0.206^b (0.085)
L1-ML (°)	Group 1	96.4 [87.7; 105.8]	99.4 [87.8; 107.3]	0.006^a (0.721)	4.4 [0.3; 13.9]	0.016^b (0.866)
L1-ML (°)	Group 2	94.5 [82.5; 106.8]	101.5 [90.7; 116.7]	< 0.001^a (1.584)	8.5 [2.1; 18.7]	0.016^b (0.866)

Matched pairs (before vs. after treatment, B-A) were compared with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and pairwise comparisons of the measurements between group 1 and group 2 were analysed using Mann–Whitney U test, and p values and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) reported
^aAsymptotic significance, ^bexact significance