Accuracy of deep learning-based integrated tooth models by merging intraoral scans and CBCT scans for 3D evaluation of root position during orthodontic treatment

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 9 Comparison of the difference of estimated and actual tooth models in inter-root distance between manual and deep learning methods (unit: mm)

Difference of estimated and actual tooth models	Manual method	Deep learning method	P value*
Difference of estimated and actual tooth models	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	P value*
Maxilla, Rt
Inter-root distances between U6 and U5	0.54 ± 0.65	− 0.02 ± 0.52	0.008*
Inter-root distances between U5 and U3	− 0.40 ± 0.40	− 0.12 ± 0.34	0.058
Inter-root distances between U3 and U2	0.26 ± 1.45	0.04 ± 0.96	0.453
Inter-root distances between U2 and U1	0.34 ± 1.12	− 0.06 ± 0.76	0.222
Maxilla, Lt
Inter-root distances between U6 and U5	− 0.22 ± 0.72	− 0.94 ± 0.83	0.053
Inter-root distances between U5 and U3	− 0.46 ± 1.15	0.14 ± 0.58	0.082
Inter-root distances between U3 and U2	− 0.18 ± 0.88	0.18 ± 0.87	0.011*
Inter-root distances between U2 and U1	0.46 ± 1.11	0.10 ± 0.75	0.276
Mandible, Rt
Inter-root distances between L6 and L5	0.08 ± 0.80	− 0.04 ± 0.56	0.761
Inter-root distances between L5 and L3	− 0.78 ± 1.02	− 0.56 ± 1.19	0.360
Inter-root distances between L3 and L2	− 0.10 ± 0.33	0.42 ± 0.54	0.146
Inter-root distances between L2 and L1	0.42 ± 0.86	0.66 ± 1.03	0.614
Mandible, Lt
Inter-root distances between L6 and L5	0.54 ± 0.49	0.34 ± 0.39	0.368
Inter-root distances between L5 and L3	− 0.78 ± 0.95	− 1.06 ± 0.80	0.636
Inter-root distances between L3 and L2	0.16 ± 0.87	0.74 ± 0.92	0.278
Inter-root distances between L2 and L1	0.22 ± 0.53	− 0.12 ± 0.68	0.401

SD, Standard deviation
*The results of paired t test. U6, maxillary first molar; U5, maxillary second premolar; U3, maxillary canine; U2, maxillary lateral incisor; U1, maxillary central incisor. L6, mandibular first molar; L5, mandibular second premolar; L3, mandibular canine; L2, mandibular lateral incisor; L1, mandibular central incisor