Progress in Orthodontics

Table 4 Displacements of the central incisor in the y-direction and of the canine in the x- and y-directions (mm)

From: Biomechanical analysis of effective mandibular en-masse retraction using Class II elastics with a clear aligner: a finite element study

	Axis	Control	MB	DB	ML	DL	AMB
C1	Y-axis	0.039	0.034	0.034	0.042	0.041	0.034
R1	Y-axis	0.019	0.019	0.019	0.019	0.019	0.018
C3	X-axis	− 0.027	− 0.024	− 0.024	− 0.027	− 0.026	− 0.025
	Y-axis	0.075	0.077	0.073	0.058	0.057	0.077
R3	X-axis	0.008	0.010	0.008	0.004	0.004	0.010
	Y-axis	− 0.029	− 0.030	− 0.029	− 0.021	− 0.020	− 0.031

X: + mesial, -distal; Y: + lingual, -buccal; Z: + occlusal, -apical; C1: the central incisal edge; R1: the apex of the central incisor; C3: the cusp of the canine; R3: the apex of the canine

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