Long-term skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of hybrid rapid maxillary expansion and facemask treatment in growing skeletal Class III patients: a retrospective follow-up study

Maino, Giuliano B.; Cremonini, Francesca; Maino, Giovanna; Paoletto, Emanuele; De Maio, Matteo; Spedicato, Giorgio Alfredo; Palone, Mario; Lombardo, Luca

doi:10.1186/s40510-022-00429-0

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 3 Pairwise post-hoc analysis comparing differences in time-point means

From: Long-term skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of hybrid rapid maxillary expansion and facemask treatment in growing skeletal Class III patients: a retrospective follow-up study

	T1–T0					T2–T0					T2–T1
Outcome	Mean	SE	Lower CL	Upper CL	P level	Mean	SE	Lower CL	Upper CL	P level	Mean	SE	Lower CL	Upper CL	P level
A-VerT (mm)	3.516	0.6888	1.854	51.773	P < 0.05	2.773	0.6888	1.111	44.343	P < 0.05	− 0.743	0.6888	− 2.405	0.9188	NS
B-VerT (mm)	0.2726	1.264	− 2.777	3.322	NS	− 0.7815	1.264	− 3.831	2.268	NS	− 10.541	1.264	− 4.104	1.995	NS
ANS-Ptm (mm)	36.241	0.6418	20.756	5.173	P < 0.05	46.163	0.6418	30.678	6.165	P < 0.05	0.9922	0.6418	− 0.5562	2.541	NS
PNS-Ptm (mm)	11.122	0.3047	0.3770	1.847	P < 0.05	15.407	0.3047	0.8056	2.276	P < 0.05	0.4285	0.3047	− 0.3067	1.164	NS
Pr-VerT (mm)	3.989	0.9094	17.951	61.834	P < 0.05	1.806	0.9094	− 0.3886	39.997	NS	− 2.184	0.9094	− 43.778	0.0104	NS
Id-VerT (mm)	0.8433	1.165	− 1.967	3.654	NS	− 0.1526	1.165	− 2.963	2.658	NS	− 0.9959	1.165	− 3.806	1.814	NS
Pg-VerT (mm)	0.8637	1.382	− 2.470	4.197	NS	− 0.0470	1.382	− 3.381	3.287	NS	− 0.9107	1.382	− 4.244	2.423	NS
Wits appraisal (mm)	5.189	0.6893	3.526	68.519	P < 0.05	2.941	0.6893	1.278	46.037	P < 0.05	− 2.248	0.6893	− 3.911	− 3.261	P < 0.05
U6 vert PP (mm)	0.7352	0.5151	− 0.5074	1.978	NS	16.093	0.5151	0.3666	2.852	P < 0.05	0.8741	0.5151	− 0.3685	2.117	NS
U6 mesialization (mm)	23.456	1.36	− 0.9356	5.627	NS	14.415	1.36	− 18.397	4.723	NS	− 0.9041	1.36	− 41.852	2.377	NS
SNA (°)	30.333	0.4571	1.931	41.361	P < 0.05	25.259	0.4571	1.423	36.287	P < 0.05	− 0.5074	0.4571	− 1.610	0.5954	NS
SNB (°)	− 0.8148	0.372	− 17.123	0.0827	NS	0.8704	0.372	− 0.0272	17.679	NS	16.852	0.372	0.7877	25.827	P < 0.05
ANB (°)	3.870	0.3934	29.212	4.819	P < 0.05	1.681	0.3934	0.7323	2.631	P < 0.05	− 2.189	0.3934	− 31.380	− 1.240	P < 0.05
PP-GoGn (°)	1.593	0.7658	− 0.2551	3.440	NS	− 3.967	0.7658	− 58.143	− 2.119	P < 0.05	− 5.559	0.7658	− 74.069	− 3.712	P < 0.05
U1-PP (°)	− 2.170	1.339	− 53.996	1.059	NS	3.548	1.339	0.3189	6.777	P < 0.05	5.718	1.339	24.893	8.948	P < 0.05
SN-PP (°)	− 0.7037	0.4523	− 17.950	0.3876	NS	− 0.2259	0.4523	− 13.172	0.8654	NS	0.4778	0.4523	− 0.6135	15.691	NS
SN-GoGn (°)	0.8074	0.7146	− 0.9166	2.531	NS	− 42.889	0.7146	− 60.129	− 2.565	P < 0.05	− 50.963	0.7146	− 68.203	− 3.372	P < 0.05

P < 0.05: statistically significant; NS Not significant
95% of the contested time points difference and the modelled standard deviation (SE)

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