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Table 2 Comparing DPA-NA (no attachments) and DPA-YA (with attachments)

From: Force profile assessment of direct-printed aligners versus thermoformed aligners and the effects of non-engaged surface patterns

Displacement

Unit (N)

DPA-NA

DPA-YA

p value

Mean ± SD

Median

Mean ± SD

Median

0.10 mm

Peak force

2.59 ± 0.62

2.44

2.77 ± 0.60

2.65

0.45

Stabilized force

0.76 ± 0.18

0.73

0.81 ± 0.21

0.79

0.65

0.20 mm

Peak force

3.15 ± 0.65

3.18

3.58 ± 0.51

3.52

0.14

Stabilized force

1.18 ± 0.27

1.19

1.33 ± 0.23

1.26

0.15

0.30 mm

Peak force

3.49 ± 0.71

3.48

4.04 ± 0.67

3.87

0.08

Stabilized force

1.57 ± 0.37

1.52

1.78 ± 0.39

1.69

0.24