Force profile assessment of direct-printed aligners versus thermoformed aligners and the effects of non-engaged surface patterns

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 3 Comparing DPA and TFA

Displacement	Unit (N)	DPA				TFA				p value
Displacement	Unit (N)	Mean ± SD	Median	Lower quartile	Upper quartile	Mean ± SD	Median	Lower quartile	Upper Quartile	p value
0.10 mm	Peak force	2.59 ± 0.62	2.44	2.25	3.12	5.26 ± 0.51	5.11	4.88	5.58	< .0001
0.10 mm	Stabilized force	0.76 ± 0.18	0.73	0.67	0.88	4.73 ± 0.50	4.60	4.30	5.13	< .0001
0.20 mm	Peak force	3.15 ± 0.65	3.18	3.01	3.82	10.52 ± 0.69	10.52	9.91	11.03	< .0001
0.20 mm	Stabilized force	1.18 ± 0.27	1.19	1.10	1.35	9.77 ± 0.76	9.68	9.14	10.21	< .0001
0.30 mm	Peak force	3.49 ± 0.71	3.48	3.29	4.18	16.16 ± 0.71	16.10	15.64	16.51	< .0001
0.30 mm	Stabilized force	1.57 ± 0.37	1.52	1.42	1.9	15.04 ± 0.8	14.89	14.41	15.54	< .0001