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Progress in Orthodontics
Fig. 3 | Progress in Orthodontics

Fig. 3

From: Three-dimensional characteristics of temporomandibular joint morphology and condylar movement in patients with mandibular asymmetry

Fig. 3

Linear and angular measurements for the evaluation of temporomandibular joint morphology. A: The glenoid fossa depth was defined as the perpendicular distance from the most superior point of the glenoid fossa (Gf-Sup) to the glenoid fossa base (1). The articular eminence angle (AE angle) was defined as the angle between the tangent line connecting Gf-Sup-AT and the Frankfort horizontal plane (FH) (2). B: The glenoid fossa width was defined as the distance between AT and ENP (3) and the glenoid fossa length was defined as the distance between POP and the most anterior point of the glenoid fossa base (4). The axial glenoid fossa angle was defined as the angle between the line connecting ENT-AT and the coronal reference plane (5). C: The axial condylar angle was defined as the angle between the horizontal condylar axis (Cd-Med–Cd-Lat) and the coronal reference plane (6)

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