Table 1 Definitions of anatomical landmarks and reference planes
Landmark | Definition |
|---|---|
Or (Infraorbitale) | Most inferior point of the bony orbitale |
Mid-Or | Middle point of the bilateral orbitale |
Po (Porion) | Most superior point of the external auditory meatus |
FoS | Centre of the foramen spinosum |
Mid-FoS | Middle point of the bilateral foramen spinosa |
Gf-Sup | Most superior point of the glenoid fossa |
AT (Articular tubercle) | Most inferior point of the articular tubercle |
ENP (Entoglenoid process) | Most inferior point of the entoglenoid process |
POP (Postglenoid process) | Most inferior point of the postglenoid process |
Gf-Ant | Most anterior point of the base of glenoid fossa perpendicular to ENP-AT line and passing POP |
Cd-Lat | Most lateral point of the condyle |
Cd-Med | Most medial point of the condyle |
Cd-Ant | Most anterior point of the condyle |
Cd-Post | Most posterior point of the condyle |
Cd-Sup | Most superior point of the condyle |
Me (Menton) | Most inferior midpoint of the symphysis |
Reference planes | |
Horizontal reference plane (FH plane) | Plane passing through the right and left porion and the middle point of the bilateral orbitale |
Sagittal reference plane | Perpendicular to the FH plane and passing through the middle point of the bilateral foramen spinosa and the middle point of the bilateral orbitale |
Coronal reference plane | Perpendicular to the FH plane and sagittal reference plane and passing through the midpoint of the bilateral foramen spinosa |
Fossa base plane | Plane passing through the AT, ENP and POP |