Table 3 Cephalometric reference planes
Plane | Description |
|---|---|
Sagittal plane | Plane passing through Nasion and Basion and perpendicular to Frankfurt plane |
Plane of Frankfurt (FH Plane): | Plane passing through Porion and Orbitale and perpendicular to the Sagittal plane |
Vertical Plane (McNamara plane): | Plane perpendicular to Frankfurt plane passing through Nasion |
Occlusal plane (Occlusal Plane) | Plane passing through the mesiovestibular cusps of the first upper right and left molars and the inter-incisive point |
Mandibular Plane (Mandibular Plane) | Plane passing through Go-R, Go-L and Me |
Facial axis plane (Facial Axis Plane) | Plane passing through Pt-R, Pt-L and Gn |
Upper incisors axis plane (Upper Incisors Axial Plane) | Plane passing through U1-L/R and U1Ro-L/R |
Lower incisors axis plane (Lower Incisors Axial Plane) | Plane passing through L1-L/R and L1Ro-L/R |
Plane A | Plane parallel to McNamara plane passing through point A |
Plane B | Plane parallel to the McNamara plane passing through point B |