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Table 1 Role of mechanical force microRNAs in bone remodeling

From: Role of mechano-sensitive non-coding RNAs in bone remodeling of orthodontic tooth movement: recent advances

miRNAs

Response to MF

Direct gene targets

Pathway(s) regulated

Role in bone remodeling

References

miR-34a

hMSCs, CS↑

LDHA↓

Cellular anaerobic glycolysis↓

Inhibit OB differentiation

[59]

 

hBMSCs

DKK1↓

Wnt↓

Inhibit OB differentiation

[60]

 

MC3T3-E1, FSS↓

FGFR1

Runx2↓

Inhibit OB proliferation and promote apoptosis

[61]

 

hMSCs

JAG1

Notch signaling↓

Inhibit OB differentiation and proliferation

[62]

miR-103

hFOB1.19, CS↓

Runx2

Runx2↓

Inhibit OB proliferation

[63]

miR-139-5p

mOB, CS↓

MACF1↓

Wnt/β-catenin or BMP↓

Inhibit OB differentiation

[64]

miR-33-5p

MC3T3-E1, CS↓ FSS↑

Hmga2↓

Extensive regulation

Attenuated the inhibition of OB differentiation induced by Hmga2

[65, 66]

miR-1246

PDLSCs, CS↑

GSK3β, Axin2

Wnt/β-catenin↑

Promote OB differentiation

[58, 67]

miR-503-5p

BMSCs, CS↓

SORBS1

Unknown

Inhibit OB differentiation and proliferation

[68, 69]

miR-494-3p

MC3T3-E1, CF↑

FGFR2、 ROCK1↓

FGF

Inhibit OB proliferation

[70]

miR-195-5p

PDLCs, CS↓

WNT3A BMPR1A

FGF2

WNT, FGF, BMP↓

Inhibit osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs

[47, 71, 72]

miR-424-5p

PDLCs, CS↓

WIF1

Wnt/β-catenin↓

Inhibit osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs

[47, 73]

miR-145-5p

PDLCs, CS↓

SEMA3A

Wnt/β-catenin↓

Inhibit osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs

[47, 74]

miR-3198

PDL, CS↓CF↑

Unknown

OPG↓

Inhibit osteoclastogenesis

[75]

miR-21

mPDLSC, Orthodontic force↑

PDCD-4↓

Unknown

Attenuate the repression of PDCD-4 to OC differentiation

[76]

 

PDLSC, CS↑

ACVR 2B

TGF-β pathway↑

Promote stretch-induced PDLSC osteogenesis

[77]

 

hUMSCs

PI3K-AKT-GSK3β

β-catenin/RUNX-2↑

Promote osteogenesis of MSCs

[78]

 

MC3T3-E1

Smad 5

BMP, TGF-β ↑

Promote the level of OB differentiation and matrix mineralization

[79]

 

BMSCs

Smad 7

Smad7-Smad1/5/8-Runx2 pathway↑

Promote the bone formation of BMSCs

[80]

 

PDLSC

HIF-1

VEGF

Promote PDLSC osteogenesis

[81, 82]

 

mOB

FasL

Fas-FasL

Promote osteoclastogenesis and suppress osteoclastic apoptosis

[83]

miR-29 family (a,b,c)

PDLCs, CS↓ CF↑

COL1A1

COL3A1

COL5A1↓

Unknown

Unknown

[84]

 

OC

Calcr↓

Calcr-cAMP-Ctsk↑

Promote bone resorption

[85]

 

RAW264.7

Cdc42, Srgap2, Gpr85 Cd93 Nfia

Extensive regulation

Promote the differentiation and function of OC

[86]

  1. miR microRNA, CS cyclic stretch stress, CF compressive force, FSS fluid shear stress, hMSC human mesenchymal stem cell, LDHA lactate dehydrogenase-A, OB osteoblast, hBMSC human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, DKK1 Dickkopf-1, MC3T3-E1 Mouse osteoblastic cell line, FGFR1 Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1, Runx2 Runt-related transcription factor 2, JAG1 jagged canonical Notch ligand 1, hFOB1.19 human osteoblastic cell line, mOB mouse osteoblast, MACF1 microtubule actin crosslinking factor 1, Hmga2 high mobility group AT-hook 2, PDLSC human periodontal ligament stem cell, GSK3β glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, Axin2 axis inhibition protein 2, PDLC human periodontal ligament cell, SORBS1 Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1, FGFR2 Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2, Rock1 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1, WNT3A WNT family member 3A, BMPR1A the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-type IA, SEMA3A semaphorin 3A, mPDLSC mouse periodontal ligament cell, PDCD-4 programmed cell death-4, hUMSCs Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, AKT: GSK3β glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, Calcr calcitonin receptor, Cdc42 cell division cycle 42, Srgap2 SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase-activating protein, Gpr85 G protein-coupled receptor 85, Cd93 complement component 1q receptor 1, Nfia nuclear factor I/A, OC osteoclast