Table 2 Device-assisted treatment techniques and their effect on tooth movement
From: Acceleration of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment - a frontier in Orthodontics
Author | Physical approach used | Rate | Animal/human | Acceleration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Nishimura [35] | Vibrational stimulation | 60 Hz, 1.0 m/s (2/8 min/day) | Rats | Yes |
Kau et al. [36] | Resonance vibration | 20 to 30 Hz/20 min/day | Human | Yes |
Davidovitch [37] | Direct electrical current | 7 V | Animal | Yes |
Fujita et al. 2008 [38] | Low-level laser | 810-nm Ga-Al-As diode laser and continuous waves at 100 mW | Rats | Yes |
Kawasaki [39] | Low-level laser | 830-nm Ga-Al-As diode laser and continuous waves at 100 mW | Rats | Yes |
Limpanichkul [40] | Low-level laser | 860-nm Ga-Al-As diode and continuous waves at 100 mW | Human | No |
Kau [41] | Low-level laser | 850-nm LED and continuous wave 60 mW | Human | Yes |
Doshi-Mehta G [42] | Low-level laser | 800-nm Ga-Al-As diode laser and continuous wave 0.25 mW | Human | Yes |