Table 6 Comparability at the pretreatment stage (T1) among the three groups (ANOVA followed by Tukey tests)

 SNA (°)

82.58

3.38

82.15

2.92

81.65

3.29

0.6090

 A-Nperp (mm)

1.34

3.63

0.09

3.05

0.69

2.55

0.3375

 Co-A (mm)

85.87A

4.47

82.53B

3.54

87.01A

4.42

0.0005*

 SNB (°)

77.21

2.56

76.11

2.80

77.54

3.67

0.1940

 P-Nperp (mm)

−4.74A.B

5.01

−7.76A

5.54

−4.12B

4.15

0.0206*

 Co-Gn (mm)

106.30A

5.13

100.22B

3.65

106.80A

5.81

0.0000*

 ANB (°)

5.38A.B

2.87

6.04A

2.09

4.11B

1.83

0.0147*

 Wits (mm)

1.75A

2.52

1.43A,B

2.27

−0.16B

2.58

0.0206*

 NAP (°)

8.97

7.30

10.18

5.31

6.91

4.70

0.1469

 SN.GoGn (°)

31.12

4.01

32.95

5.75

30.83

4.58

0.2321

 FMA (°)

24.72A,B

3.85

27.13A

4.77

24.17B

2.83

0.0186*

 LAFH (mm)

61.81

4.22

59.49

4.64

60.70

3.95

0.1459

 S-Go (mm)

69.34A

4.93

65.37B

4.55

69.65A

4.88

0.0019*

 1.NA (°)

24.49A

7.30

29.69B

7.03

23.30A

6.02

0.0022*

 1-NA (mm)

4.64

2.57

4.95

2.40

3.46

1.76

0.0670

 1.PP (°)

114.48A

6.91

119.28B

6.96

113.11A

6.06

0.0030*

 1-ANSperp (mm)

−1.85

2.64

−2.73

2.99

−3.56

2.56

0.1118

 1-PP (mm)

26.51A,B

2.61

25.06A

2.16

26.58B

2.53

0.0367*

 6-ANSperp (mm)

−30.65A

2.82

−32.98^B

2.89

−32.57B

2.31

0.0060*

 6-PP (mm)

20.95A

2.12

19.50B

1.90

20.57A,B

2.06

0.0256*

 IMPA (°)

97.88A

7.52

92.62B

7.39

94.95A,B

4.71

0.0206*

 1.NB (°)

28.65A

5.83

23.76B

7.33

25.66A,B

5.08

0.0196*

 1-NB (mm)

5.10

2.06

3.67

2.53

3.98

1.80

0.0511

 1-GoMe (mm)

38.63A

2.84

36.12B

2.60

37.20A,B

2.40

0.0031*

 6-Pperp (mm)

−29.21

2.19

−29.88

1.98

−30.15

2.09

0.2768

 6-GoMe (mm)

27.91A

2.31

25.76B

1.93

27.45A

2.10

0.0007*

 Overjet (mm)

6.24A

2.21

8.42B

2.93

4.70A

1.60

0.0000*

 Overbite (mm)

4.94

1.68

4.64

2.25

4.62

1.71

0.8011

 Molar relationship (mm)

−1.38A

1.15

−0.98A

1.22

0.69B

1.23

0.0000*